Unokuba ngumqhubi wesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt ofanelekileyo? Okokuqala, umqhubi kufuneka abe nobuchule kwisakhiwo kunye nemigaqo yokusebenza yecandelo ngalinye lesikhululo sokuxuba. Ngesi siseko, lawula ngokungqongqo zonke iinkcukacha zemveliso, ngakumbi inkqubo yokulinganisa, kuba umgangatho womsebenzi wokulinganisa uya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womxube we-asphalt. Iimpawu zobugcisa.
Ngokuphathelele inkqubo yokulinganisa ilitye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba:
(1) Gcina ucango lokukhuphela ngalunye luvulekile kwaye luvale ngokuguquguqukayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza;
(2) Izibuko lokukhuphela ngalinye kufuneka ligcinwe licocekile kwaye lingenayo intlenga ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilitye linokuqukuqela ezantsi ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo ngexesha lomlinganiselo;
(3) Ucango ngalunye lokukhupha kufuneka luvalwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye lutywinwe kakuhle. Kufuneka kungabikho ukuvuza kwezinto ekupheleni komlinganiselo omnye wezinto;
(4) Indawo ejikeleze ihopha edibeneyo kufuneka igcinwe icocekile kwaye kungabikho nto yangaphandle ukuthintela ukugxumeka ihopha. I-aggregate hopper kufuneka igcinwe ixhonywe ngokupheleleyo ngamaxesha onke;
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Kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa umgubo, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe:
(1) Gcina umgubo ogqithisa umbhobho ugudile kwaye ungavaleki;
(2) Isixhasi okanye isivalo kufuneka sivalwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye akukho mgubo uya kuvuza xa umlinganiselo ugqityiwe;
(3) Susa rhoqo uthuli kunye nobutyobo kwihopa yokulinganisa umgubo ukuyigcina icocekile;
(4) Yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa iimitha kufuneka ivalwe kakuhle ukukhusela umgubo ekubeni ufume kwaye udibanise;
(5) Isikali somgubo kufuneka sikhutshwe ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye kungabikho mgubo oshiyekileyo ngaphakathi kwesikali. Umnyango wokukhupha kufuneka uvalwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye akukho powder kufuneka ivuze ngexesha lokulinganisa.
Nika ingqalelo koku kulandelayo kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa i-asphalt:
(1) Phambi kokuqaliswa kwemveliso, umbhobho kufuneka ufudunyezwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu be-asphalt kwinkqubo bufikelela kwixabiso elichaziweyo;
(2) Umbhobho wokutshiza i-asphalt kufuneka ucoceke kwaye ugudiswe, kwaye inxalenye yombhobho mayingavalwa, kungenjalo ukutshiza kuya kungalingani kwaye umphumo wokuxuba uya kuchaphazeleka;
(3) Impompo yokutshiza i-asphalt okanye ivalve yokuvula kufuneka ivalwe ngokuqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuthontsiza emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukutshizwa kwe-asphalt;
(4) Umsebenzi wevalve yokutshintsha imitha ye-asphalt kufuneka ichaneke kwaye ifike ngexesha, kwaye ukutywina kufuneka kube kuhle. Umbhobho wokulinganisa i-asphalt kufuneka uxhonywe ngokuqinileyo kwaye ube bhetyebhetye.
Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt, umqhubi kufuneka ayijonge rhoqo. Jonga ukuba isikali ngasinye sokulinganisa sinqunyanyisiwe na kwaye ukuba kukho nasiphi na isenzeko esincamathelayo. Jonga ukuba ngaba inzwa nganye yokulinganisa iyasebenza ngokuqhelekileyo nokuba i-induction inovakalelo. Qinisekisa rhoqo ukwenza ixabiso elibonisiweyo lihambelane nelona xabiso. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki efunyenweyo, yicombulule kwangethuba ukuze uqinisekise ukuba inkqubo yokulinganisa isoloko ikwimeko entle yokusebenza.
Okwesibini, umqhubi kufuneka aqokelele amava atyebileyo kwaye akwazi ukubona kwangaphambili ukusilela koomatshini kunye nokusombulula kunye nokuphelisa iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuba iphutha lenzeke, kufuneka ligwetywe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lipheliswe ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo komatshini. Ukufezekisa oku, ukongeza ekugcineni oomatshini ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngokwemigaqo, umqhubi kufuneka enze oku kulandelayo:
(1) Umqhubi ufanele ajikeleze rhoqo, aqwalasele ngenyameko, aze ahlole ngenyameko iindawo ezishukunyiswa rhoqo. Khangela ukuba uxhulumaniso lukhululekile, nokuba i-lubrication ilungile, ingaba ukunyakaza kuguquguqukayo, nokuba kukho ukugqoka okungaqhelekanga, njl., kwaye ujongane nazo naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
(2) Xa isitishi sokuxuba sijikeleza, mamela ngeendlebe zakho, cinga ngentliziyo yakho, uze usiqonde sonke isandi. Ukuba kukho naziphi na izandi ezingaqhelekanga. Kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa isizathu kwaye ujongane nayo ngokufanelekileyo;
(3) Yiba nobuchule ekuwazini amavumba awahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iqondo lokushisa kweoli liphezulu kakhulu, ubushushu bokukhutshwa budlula umda, iisekethe kunye nezixhobo zombane zifutshane kwaye zitshiswe, ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana okungaqhelekanga, izixhobo zombane kunye neesekethe zigcwele kakhulu kwaye zibangele ukufudumeza okukhulu, njl. ziya kukhupha amavumba ahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa amavumba ahlukeneyo, ukusilela okungaphelelanga nako kunokulindelwa.
Ngamafutshane, umqhubi kufuneka anikele ingqalelo kwimbonakalo kunye nombala, asebenzise iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo kwaye asebenzise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuqonda zonke iinguqu ezingaqhelekanga, ahlalutye ngononophelo, afumane izizathu, kwaye afumane iingozi ezifihliweyo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yesikhululo sokuxuba, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamacandelo, kubandakanywa iinkqubo zombane kunye negesi yokulawula, iinkqubo zokubonelela nge-asphalt, iinkqubo zokutsha, iinkqubo zokulinganisa iimitha, iinkqubo zokususa uthuli, njl. Kunzima kakhulu kumqhubi ukuba aqonde konke. iinxalenye kwaye ugwebe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uphelise zonke iimpazamo ngexesha elifutshane. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumqhubi olungileyo, kufuneka uqwalasele ngononophelo, ucinge rhoqo, ushwankathele ngononophelo kwaye uhlale uqokelela amava. Ukongeza, ukongeza ekubeni nobuchule kwisixhobo, abaqhubi kufuneka babe nolwazi lolawulo lomgangatho wemveliso. Oko kukuthi, baqhelana neqondo lokushisa, i-oyile-stone ratio, i-gradation, njl. yomxube we-asphalt, kwaye banokwenza izigwebo zezobugcisa kumxube ngobuchule, kwaye bahlalutye kwaye basombulule iingxaki kumxube ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
(1) Ulawulo lobushushu bomxube:
Ubushushu bomxube yenye yeenqobo zovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso somxube. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, liya kuba yinkcitho kwaye alinakusetyenziswa. Ke ngoko, indlela yokulawula ubushushu sesinye sezakhono ezisisiseko ekufuneka abaqhubi babenazo.
Izinto ezichaphazela ubushushu bomxube ziquka umgangatho wamafutha. Ukuba umgangatho wepetroli uhlwempuzekile, ixabiso le-calorific liphantsi, kwaye ukutshisa akwanelanga, kuya kubangela ukuba ilitye lifudumale lingazinzanga, izinga lokushisa liya kuba liphantsi, kwaye i-residu yokutsha iya kuhlala kumxube, ichaphazela kakhulu umgangatho womxube. Ukuba i-fuel viscosity iphezulu kakhulu, umxholo wokungcola uphezulu, kwaye umthamo wamanzi uphezulu. Iya kubangela ubunzima bokutshisa, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho, kunye nolawulo lobushushu. Ukufuma kwezinto ekrwada yenye into echaphazela ubushushu. Isixhobo ekrwada sinomthamo omkhulu wokufuma kwaye awulingani. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukushisa kokushisa kwelitye kunzima ukulawula. Ukongeza, imeko yobugcisa benkqubo yokutsha, uxinzelelo lwempompo yokubonelela ngamafutha, kunye nobungakanani benaliti yamafutha zonke zihambelana nobushushu bomxube. Ukungaphumeleli okufana nokunxiba, ukuvuza komoya, kunye nokuvalwa kwenkqubo yokutsha kuthintela icandelo ngalinye ukuba ligcine ukusebenza kwalo kwasekuqaleni, okubangela uxinzelelo lwenkqubo ephantsi, unikezelo lwamafutha olungazinzanga, isiphumo esibi sokutsha kwe-atomization, kunye nokuchaphazela kakhulu ubushushu obushukumisayo.
Ngoko ke, abaqhubi abanamava kufuneka bakwazi ukugweba ngokuchanekileyo umgangatho wamafutha, ukoma kunye nokumanzi kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kunye nemeko yokusebenza yenkqubo yokutshisa. Thatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza xa kukho iingxaki. Nangona izixhobo zokuxuba zanamhlanje zinamandla okulawula ubushushu obuzenzekelayo, ulawulo lobushushu lune-lag kuba lufuna inkqubo ukusuka ekubhaqweni kobushushu ukudibanisa nokususa amadangatye ukulungisa ubushushu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhululo sokuxuba amaqondo obushushu asivelisi nkunkuma, umqhubi kufuneka aqwalasele ngononophelo iqondo lotshintsho lobushushu, aqikelele iziphumo zotshintsho lobushushu kwangaphambili, kwaye anyuse ngesandla okanye anciphise idangatye okanye anyuse okanye anciphise isixa sesondlo ukulawula utshintsho lobushushu ukwenzela ukuba iziphumo zotshintsho Ungagqithi kuluhlu oluchaziweyo, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa okanye uphelise inkunkuma.
(2) Ulawulo lokuhlelwa komxube:
Ukuhlelwa komxube kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwendlela yokuhamba. Ukuba ukuhlelwa komxube akukho ngqiqweni, i-pavement iya kubandezeleka ngenxa yezifo ezithile ezifana ne-void ratio enkulu okanye encinci, ukungeneka kwamanzi, ukubola, njl., Okuya kunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yendlela kunye nokuchaphazela ngokunzulu umgangatho weprojekthi. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lomgangatho womxube sesinye sezakhono ekufuneka umqhubi abe nazo.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukuhlelwa komxube zibandakanya: utshintsho kwisayizi ye-particle ye-raw, utshintsho kwisikrini sesikhululo sokuxuba, uluhlu lwephutha lokulinganisa, njl.
Ubungakanani be-particle ye-raw materials ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlelwa komxube. Xa utshintsho kwimathiriyeli ekrwada lufunyenwe, umqhubi kufuneka asebenzisane nelabhoratri ukulungisa kakuhle umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso. Ukutshintshwa kwesikrini sezinto ezitshisayo kwisikhululo sokuxuba yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuhlelwa komxube. Ukuba isikrini sivalekile kwaye izinto ezishushu azikhuselwanga ngokwaneleyo, umgangatho uya kuba mncinci. Ukuba isikrini saphukile, sonakalisiwe, sivuza, okanye sinxitywe ngaphaya komda, siya kwenza udidi lomxube lube rhabaxa; impazamo yokulinganisa yesikhululo sokuxuba iphinda ichaphazele ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlelwa. Ukuba uluhlu lwempazamo yokulinganisa luhlengahlengiswa lukhulu kakhulu, umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso uya kuphambuka kakhulu kumlinganiselo womxube ojoliswe kuwo, uchaphazela ngokunzulu umgangatho womxube. Ukuba uluhlu lwempazamo yokulinganisa luhlengahlengiswa luncinci kakhulu, luya kwandisa ixesha lokulinganisa kwaye luchaphazele umphumo. Kwakhona kuya kubangela ukuba umlinganiselo ugqithise rhoqo umda kwaye uchaphazele ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesitishi sokuxuba.
Ngamafutshane, umqhubi kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo ekutshintsheni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, khangela isikrini rhoqo, ukusombulula iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye ulungelelanise uluhlu lokulinganisa kwimeko efanelekileyo ngokweempawu zesikhululo sokuxuba kunye nezinye izinto. Cinga ngononophelo ezinye izinto ezichaphazela umgangatho wokuqinisekisa umxube womxube womxube we-jet mill.
(3) Ukulawulwa komlinganiselo we-oyile nelitye lomxube:
Umxube we-asphalt we-asphalt-stone ratio unqunywe ngokuhlelwa kwezinto zamaminerali kunye nomxholo we powder. Sisiqinisekiso esisisiseko samandla endlela yendlela kunye nokusebenza kwayo. I-asphalt eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu iya kubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo kwipavumente.
Ngoko ke, ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubungakanani be-asphalt yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwemveliso. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo ngexesha lemveliso:
Ngexesha lokusebenza, zama ukulungelelanisa uluhlu lwempazamo yokulinganisa i-asphalt njengento encinci ukuze ufezekise umlinganiselo we-asphalt ongcono; ubungakanani bepowder eyongezelelweyo nayo yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umlinganiselo we-asphalt-stone, ngoko ke umlinganiselo we powder kufuneka ulawulwe ngokucophelela; ngokomxholo wothuli we-aggregate ecocekileyo, yenza uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo Ukuvulwa kwe-fan yedrafti eyenziwe kuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wothuli kumxube ungaphakathi koluhlu loyilo.