[1]. I-EVA elungisiweyo yebhitumene EVA inokuhambelana kakuhle nebhitumene kwaye inokunyibilika kwaye isasazwe kwibhitumene eshushu ngaphandle kwe-colloid mill okanye ukucheba okuphezulu komatshini, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iiprojekthi zebitumen e-Afrika zisetyenziswa rhoqo, ngoko oogxa basekhaya bayakhunjuzwa ukuba banikele ingqalelo.
[2]. I-viscosity ephezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kwebhitumene eguqulweyo. Uvavanyo lwebhitumene kunye nokuqina kovavanyo lufaneleke ngakumbi kwibhitumene elungisiweyo ye-SBR, kodwa xa isetyenziselwa ibhitumene eguquliweyo ephezulu ye-viscoelastic, ukudilizwa kaninzi kwenzeka, nto leyo eyenza uvavanyo lungenzeki. Ukujonga oku, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe umatshini wovavanyo wendalo yonke ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-viscosity kunye nokuqina kwebhitumene eguqulwe kakhulu ye-viscoelastic, ukurekhoda ijika loxinzelelo loxinzelelo, kwaye usebenzise indlela yokudibanisa ukubala ngokulula iziphumo zovavanyo. 3. Ibhitumene edityanisiweyo yerabha ephezulu enomxholo ophezulu Ngencopho yekhabhoni kunye nokuqulunqwa kweenjongo zokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunyanzelekile. Ishishini lamatayara lijongene nengxaki "yemveliso eninzi kunye nenkunkuma enkulu" ukusukela oko yasungulwayo kunye nokuveliswa kwayo. Amatayara afuna ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwemithombo yendalo kunye namandla ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekuchithweni, okubangela ukukhutshwa okukhulu kwekhabhoni dioxide.
Inxalenye ephambili yamatayara yikhabhoni, kwaye namatayara alahliweyo anezinto ezingaphezu kwe-80% yekhabhoni. Amatayara enkunkuma anokubuyisela isixa esikhulu semathiriyeli kunye namandla, alungise ikhabhoni kwiimveliso, kwaye afezekise injongo yokonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Amatayara enkunkuma zizinto ezilastiki zepolymer ekunzima kakhulu ukuzithoba. Zine-elasticity ephezulu kunye nokuqina kwaye phantse akukho tshintsho lwasemzimbeni okanye lwekhemikhali lwenzeka kuluhlu lobushushu obuphakathi kwe -50C ukuya kwi-150C. Ngoko ke, ukuba zivunyelwe ukuthotywa ngokwemvelo emhlabeni, ziya kuthi Ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubungakanani bokukhula kwezityalo, inkqubo inokuthatha iminyaka engama-500. Inani elikhulu lamatayara enkunkuma ahlanganiswe ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye ahlala kwindawo enkulu, ethintela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemithombo yomhlaba. Ngaphezu koko, ukufumba kwamanzi ixesha elide kumatayara kuya kuzala iingcongconi kuze kusasaze izifo, nto leyo ebangela iingozi ezifihlakeleyo kwimpilo yabantu.
Emva komatshini wokutyumza amatayara enkunkuma abe ngumgubo werabha, ibhitumene enerabha ekumgangatho ophezulu eguquliwe (emva koku ebizwa ngokuba yibhitumene yerabha) iye iveliswa ukulungiselela ukulungiswa kwendlela, ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kobutyebi, kuphuculwe kakhulu ukusebenza kwendlela, bandise kakhulu ubomi bendlela, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zendlela. . Utyalo-mali loKwakha.
[3]. Kutheni le nto “ibitumen edityaniswe zerabha ekumgangatho ophezulu”?
Ukumelana nokuqhekeka kobushushu obuphantsi
Irabha kumgubo werabha yerabha enkunkuma inoluhlu olubanzi lobushushu olunwebekayo olusebenzayo, ngoko ke umxube webhitumene usenako ukugcina imeko ethambileyo yokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ukulibazisa ukwenzeka kweentanda ezinobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye uzinzise ubushushu obuphezulu bomgubo werabha ibhitumene, eyandisa kakhulu i-viscosity yebhitumene, eyandisa indawo yokuthambisa kwaye iphucula kakhulu ukuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu bebhitumene kunye nemixube. I-anti-skid kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yokunciphisa umxube webhitumene we-fracture unobunzulu obukhulu besakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuchasana nokutyibilika kwindlela.
Ibhitumene yerabha inokunciphisa ingxolo yokuqhuba ngeedecibel ezi-3 ukuya kwezisi-8 yaye iyakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide. Inkunkuma yerabha yomgubo wetayara iqulethe i-antioxidants, izinzisi zobushushu, izinto ezikhusela ukukhanya kunye nekhabhoni emnyama. Ukongeza ibhitumene kunokulibazisa kakhulu ukuguga kwebhitumene kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womxube. Ukuqina kunye neenzuzo zentlalo yeetoni ezili-10,000 zebhitumene yerabha zifuna ukusetyenziswa ubuncinane kwamatayara angama-50,000 enkunkuma, ukonga i-2,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 yeetoni zebhitumene. Izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwenkunkuma liphezulu, ukonga amandla kunye nesiphumo sokukhuselwa kwendalo kuyabonakala, ixabiso liphantsi, intuthuzelo ilungile, kwaye i-elastomer pavement yahlukile kwezinye iipavumente. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuzinza kunye nentuthuzelo, kungcono.
Ikhabhoni emnyama inokugcina umbala omnyama wendlela yomgwaqo ixesha elide, ngokungafaniyo okuphezulu kunye nokumakishwa kunye nokungeniswa okuhle kokubonakalayo. 5. I-oyile yebhitumene eguqulelwe kwilitye lebhitumene iye yadlula kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka yotshintsho lwentlenga kwiintanda zamatye. Ifumana utshintsho kubushushu, uxinzelelo, i-oxidation, kunye nokunyibilika. Izinto ezinjengebhitumene ezenziwe phantsi kwesenzo esidibeneyo semidiya kunye neebhaktheriya. Luhlobo lwebhitumene yendalo. Ezinye iibhitumene zendalo ziquka ibhitumene yasechibini, ibhitumene yangaphantsi kwamanzi, njl.
Ukwakheka kwemichiza: Ubunzima bemolekyuli yeasphaltenes kwibhitumene yamatye basusela kumawaka aliqela ukuya kwalishumi lamawaka. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali ze-asphaltenes yi-81.7% ye-carbon, i-7.5% ye-hydrogen, i-2.3% ye-oksijeni, i-nitrogen eyi-1.95%, i-4.4% isulfure, i-1.1% ye-aluminium, kunye ne-silicon ye-0.18%. kunye nezinye iintsimbi 0.87%. Phakathi kwazo, umxholo wekhabhoni, ihydrogen, ioksijini, initrogen, nesalfure uphezulu ngokwentelekiso. Phantse yonke i-macromolecule ye-asphaltene iqulethe amaqela asebenzayo e-polar ezi zinto zingasentla, ezibangela ukuba ivelise amandla anamandla kakhulu e-adsorption phezu kwelitye. Isizukulwana kunye nemvelaphi: Ibhitumene yamatye iveliswa kwiintanda zamatye. Ububanzi beentanda buncinci kakhulu, kuphela amashumi eesentimitha ukuya kwiimitha ezininzi, kwaye ubunzulu bunokufikelela ngaphezu kwamakhulu eemitha.
1. Ibhitumene ye-Buton rock (BRA): iveliswe e-Buton Island (BUTON), kwiPhondo laseSulawesi, e-Indonesia, kuMzantsi Pasifiki
2. Ibhitumene yamatye yaseMntla Melika: I-UINTAITE (igama lokurhweba lase-US iGilsonite) Ibhitumene eqinile yaseMntla Melika ekwi-Uintah Basin kwimpuma yeJudiya, emantla eUnited States.
3. Ibhitumene yamatye yase-Iranian: I-Qingdao inoluhlu lwexesha elide.
[4]. Ibhitumene yelitye laseSichuan Qingchuan: Ifunyaniswe kwisithili saseQingchuan, kwiPhondo laseSichuan ngo-2003, ibonakalise uvimba ongaphezulu kwe-1.4 yezigidi zeetoni kunye noovimba abalindelekileyo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 zeetoni. YeyaseShandong Expressway.5. Umgodi webhitumene yamatye owafunyanwa liCandelo le-137 leCandelo lezoLimo leXinjiang leMveliso yeXinjiang kunye neCandelo loKwakha e-Urho, eKaramay, eXinjiang ngo-2001 ngowona mgodi wokuqala webhitumene wendalo owafunyanwa eTshayina. Ukusetyenziswa kunye nohlobo:
1. Faka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cylinder yokuxuba yesitishi sokuxuba ibhitumene.
2. Indlela ye-agent ye-modulus ephezulu, qala ngokugaya umgubo, uze wongeze ibhitumene ye-matrix njengesilungisi.
3. Ukudibanisa umgubo werabha
4. Ukwahlula isanti yeoli kunye nokudibanisa umxholo we-asphaltene. 5. Qhagamshelana nesikhululo sokuxuba ukongeza imibono emitsha yesicelo kwi-intanethi:
1. Isetyenziselwa umaleko wesiseko oguquguqukayo;
2. Isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweendlela zasemaphandleni;
3. Xuba ngezinto ezihlaziyiweyo (RAP) ukwenzela ukuvuselelwa kwe-thermal;
4. Sebenzisa isivuseleli sebhitumene ukuhlanganisa ibhitumene engamanzi kunye nokuxuba okubandayo kumphezulu.
5. I-asphalt yemodyuli ephezulu
6. Yenza ikhonkrithi ye-asphalt