Okwangoku, ishishini lolwakhiwo lweendlela zehlabathi liphuculwe kakhulu, amabanga eendlela eziphakamileyo nawo ayanda, kwaye kukho iimfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-asphalt pavement, umgangatho we-pavement kufuneka uqinisekiswe, kwaye Umgangatho we-asphalt pavement uchaphazelekayo ngokusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxuba. Kumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla, ezinye iziphoso zihlala zisenzeka kwizityalo ezixubeneyo. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo asebenzayo kufuneka athathwe ukujongana neziphene ukwenzela ukuba isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt sisebenze ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela siqinisekise umgangatho we-asphalt pavement.
[1]. Umgaqo wokusebenza wesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt
Izixhobo zokuxuba umxube we-asphalt ikakhulu zibandakanya iindidi ezimbini, ezizezi ziphakathi kunye neziqhubekayo. Okwangoku, izixhobo zokuxuba ezingaphakathi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwilizwe lethu. Xa igumbi lolawulo eliphakathi likhupha umyalelo, i-aggregates kwi-bin material ebandayo iya kungena ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-bin material eshushu, kwaye ke impahla nganye iya kulinganiswa, kwaye ke izinto ziya kufakwa kwi-cylinder yokuxuba ngokomlinganiselo ochaziweyo. Ekugqibeleni, imveliso egqityiweyo yenziwe, izinto zilayishwa kwisithuthi sokuthutha, kwaye emva koko zisetyenziswe. Le nkqubo ngumgaqo wokusebenza wesityalo sokuxuba esiphakathi. Isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt esiphakathi sinokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuthuthwa kunye nokomisa kwee-aggregates, kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-asphalt.
[2]. Ulawulo lokuxuba i-asphalt
2.1 Ukulawulwa kwemathiriyeli yezimbiwa
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-coarse mineral material yigrabile, kwaye uluhlu lwalo lwesayizi ye-particle ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-2.36mm kunye ne-25mm. Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi ngokuyinhloko kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nokudibanisa kweengqungquthela ezidibeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuze kusebenze Ukuxhathisa ukufuduswa, amandla okukhuhlana kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwakhiwa, i-aggregate e-coarse kufuneka icolwe ibe ngamaqhekeza e-cubic.
2.2 Ukulawulwa kwe-asphalt
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-asphalt, izikhombisi ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ufanelekile ngaphambi kokuba ubekwe ngokusemthethweni ekwakhiweni. Xa ukhetha ibakala le-asphalt, kufuneka uphande imozulu yendawo. Xa ubushushu buphantsi, kufuneka ukhethe i-asphalt enebakala eliphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-asphalt enebakala eliphezulu inokuqina okuphantsi kunye nokungena okukhulu. Iyakwandisa ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka kwendlela ye-asphalt. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, umphezulu wendlela kufuneka ube yi-asphalt encinci, kwaye i-asphalt ephakathi kunye nezantsi yendlela kufuneka isebenzise i-asphalt eninzi. Oku akunako nje ukonyusa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwendlela ye-asphalt, kodwa ikwaphucula amandla ayo okuxhathisa ukurula.
2.3 Ukulawulwa kwee-aggregates
I-fine aggregate ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwilitye eliqhekekileyo, kwaye ubukhulu balo bamasuntswana busuka kwi-0.075mm ukuya kwi-2.36mm. Ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe ekwakhiweni, kufuneka icocwe ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwezinto eziphathekayo.
2.4 Ukulawula ubushushu
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokubeka, ukushisa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo kwaye imisebenzi kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo echaphazelekayo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwakha. Xa ufudumeza i-asphalt, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubushushu bayo buphakathi kwe-150 ° C kunye ne-170 ° C, kwaye ubushushu bezinto ezimbiwa kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Ubushushu bomxube phambi kokuba uphume kumzi-mveliso kufuneka bulawuleke phakathi kwe-140°C kunye ne-155°C, kwaye iqondo lokugalela i-paving kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-135°C ne-150°C. Ngexesha lenkqubo yonke, ubushushu kufuneka bubekwe esweni ngexesha langempela. Xa iqondo lokushisa lidlula uluhlu, ubushushu kufuneka bulungiswe. Yenza uhlengahlengiso ngexesha lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wekhonkrithi ye-asphalt.
2.5 Ukulawulwa komlinganiselo wokuxuba
Ukuze ulawule umlinganiselo wezithako, iimvavanyo eziphindaphindiweyo kufuneka zenziwe ukugqiba inani le-asphalt elisetyenzisiweyo. Izinto zamaminerali kufuneka zifudumale, kwaye izinto ezifudumalayo zamaminerali kufuneka zithunyelwe kwi-cylinder yangaphandle kunye ne-silo yangaphakathi. Ngelo xesha, ezinye izithako kufuneka zongezwe kwaye zixutywe kakuhle, kwaye umxube kufuneka uhlolwe ukufezekisa umlinganiselo ofunekayo wokuxuba. Ixesha lokuxuba lomxube ngokubanzi lidlula imizuzwana ye-45, kodwa alikwazi ukudlula imizuzwana ye-90, kwaye kufuneka ihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lokudibanisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba izikhombisi ezahlukahlukeneyo zihlangabezana neemfuno.
[3]. Ukusombulula ingxaki kwisikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt
3.1 Ukulungisa iingxaki kwizixhobo zoluvo kunye nezixhobo ezibandayo zokuhambisa izixhobo
Ngethuba lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt, ukuba izinto eziphathekayo azifakwanga ngokwemigaqo, zinokubangela ukuba inzwa ingasebenzi kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwesignali kunye nokuhlolwa. Xa ibhanti lesantya eliguquguqukayo liyeka, imotor yebhanti yesantya eguquguqukayo isenokungasebenzi kakuhle, kwaye inokubangela ukutyibilika kwebhanti kunye nokusilela kwendlela. Ngoko ke, ibhanti kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo. Ukuba ngexesha lokuhlola, ibhanti ifunyenwe ikhululekile. Lo mcimbi kufuneka kujongwane nawo kwangethuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isixhobo sinokusebenza ngokwesiqhelo.
3.2 Uxinzelelo olubi lokusombulula ingxaki
Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ngaphakathi kwidrum yokomisa yinto ebizwa ngokuba yingcinezelo engalunganga. Uxinzelelo olubi luchatshazelwa ngokubanzi yimiba emibini, eyile, iifeni eziqhutywa yidrafti kunye nezivuthela. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo olulungileyo, uthuli olusedumini lunokubhabha luphuma lujikeleze umgqomo, oluya kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwindalo, ngoko ke uxinzelelo olubi kufuneka lulawulwe.
Isandi esingaqhelekanga somxubi sinokubangelwa kukugcwala kwangoko komxube, ngoko ke kufuneka kusetwe kwakhona ngexesha. Xa ingalo yomxube kunye nepleyiti yonogada yangaphakathi yonakele, kufuneka itshintshwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umxube unokuxuba ngokuqhelekileyo.
3.3 Isitshisi asinako ukuvutha nokutshisa ngokuqhelekileyo
Xa kukho ingxaki kwi-burner, i-compressor ye-air conditioning kufuneka iqale ihlolisise ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ukuze ibone ukuba iimeko zokutshisa ziqhelekileyo. Ukuba le miqathango iqhelekile, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba i-fuel yanele okanye ingaba i-fuel passage ivaliwe. Xa ingxaki ifunyenwe , kuyimfuneko yokongeza i-fuel okanye ukucoca i-passage ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesitshisi.
[4] Isiphelo
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokusebenza kwesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt asikwazi ukuqinisekisa kuphela inkqubela yeprojekthi, kodwa nokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zeprojekthi. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo isikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt. Xa isiphoso sifunyenwe, kufuneka kujongwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wekhonkrithi ye-asphalt kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.