[1]. Intshayelelo
Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokufudumeza eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokufudumeza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokufudumala kwe-steam, ukufudumeza ukushisa kweoli kunenzuzo yokugcina amandla, ukufudumeza okufanayo, ukuchaneka kokulawula ubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphantsi lokusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokulula. Ngoko ke, ukususela ngo-1980, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweoli yokuhambisa ubushushu kwilizwe lam sele iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokufudumeza kwishishini lemichiza, i-petroleum processing, i-petrochemical industry, ifayibha yemichiza, i-textile, imboni yokukhanya, izinto zokwakha. , i-metallurgy, iinkozo, ioli kunye nokulungiswa kokutya kunye namanye amashishini.
Eli nqaku lixubusha ngokubanzi ukubunjwa, iingozi, izinto ezichaphazelayo kunye nezisombululo zokupheka ioli yokudlulisa ukushisa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.

[2]. Ukuqulunqwa kokupheka
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zeekhemikhali kwinkqubo yokudlulisa ubushushu kwi-oyile yokuhambisa ubushushu: i-thermal oxidation reaction, ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal kunye ne-thermal polymerization reaction. I-Coking iveliswa yi-thermal oxidation reaction kunye ne-thermal polymerization reaction.
Ukusabela kwe-Thermal polymerization kwenzeka xa ioli yokudlulisa ukushisa ishushu ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo yokufudumala. Ukusabela kuya kuvelisa ii-macromolecules eziphezulu ezibilayo ezifana ne-polycyclic enuka kamnandi ye-hydrocarbons, i-colloids kunye ne-asphaltene, ethi ngokuthe ngcembe idipozithe kumphezulu wesifudumezi kunye nombhobho ukwenza i-coking.
Ukusabela kwe-Thermal oxidation kwenzeka ikakhulu xa i-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu kwitanki yokwandisa yenkqubo yokufudumeza evulekileyo idibanisa umoya okanye ithatha inxaxheba kumjikelezo. Ukusabela kuya kuvelisa i-alcohol ephantsi okanye i-alcohol ephezulu, i-aldehydes, i-ketones, i-acids kunye nezinye izakhi ze-acidic, kwaye iphinde ivelise izinto ze-viscous ezifana ne-colloids kunye ne-asphaltene ukwenza i-coking; i-oxidation ye-thermal ibangelwa iimeko ezingaqhelekanga. Nje ukuba yenzekile, iya kukhawulezisa ukuqhekeka kwe-thermal kunye ne-thermal polymerization reactions, ibangela ukuba i-viscosity inyuke ngokukhawuleza, inciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kobushushu, okubangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokupheka ityhubhu yomlilo. Izinto ezineasidi eziveliswayo nazo ziya kubangela umhlwa kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo.

[3]. Iingozi zokupheka
I-coking eyenziwa yi-oyile yokudlulisa ukushisa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa iya kwenza i-insulation layer, ibangele ukuba i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa iyancipha, ukushisa kweqondo lokushisa kwanda, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kwanda; kwelinye icala, ekubeni iqondo lobushushu elifunwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa lihlala lingatshintshi, ubushushu bodonga lwetyhubhu yokufudumeza luya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, lubangele ukuba ityhubhu yesithando somlilo iqhume kwaye igqabhuke, kwaye ekugqibeleni itshise ngetyhubhu yesithando somlilo, ibangela ukuba ukubamba umlilo kunye nokuqhushumba, kubangela iingozi ezimandundu ezifana nokwenzakala komntu kwizixhobo kunye nabaqhubi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingozi ezinjalo bezixhaphakile.

[4]. Izinto ezichaphazela ukupheka
(1) Umgangatho weoli yokuhanjiswa kobushushu
Emva kokuhlalutya inkqubo yokwakheka kwe-coking engentla, kufunyenwe ukuba ukuzinza kwe-oxidation kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal yeoli yokudlulisa ukushisa kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nesantya sokupheka kunye nobuninzi. Iingozi ezininzi zomlilo kunye nokuqhuma zibangelwa ukungazinzi kakuhle kwe-thermal kunye nokuzinza kwe-oxidation ye-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu, obangela ukupheka okukhulu ngexesha lokusebenza.
(2) Uyilo kunye nokufakwa kwenkqubo yokufudumala
Iiparamitha ezahlukeneyo ezibonelelwa yinkqubo yokufudumala kunye nokuba ukufakwa kwezixhobo kunengqiqo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuthambekela kwe-coking ye-oyile yokudlulisa ukushisa.
Iimeko zofakelo lwesixhobo ngasinye ziyahluka, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ubomi bokuhambisa ubushushu. Ukufakwa kwezixhobo kufuneka kube nengqiqo kwaye ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuyadingeka ngexesha lokugunyazisa ukwandisa ubomi beoli yokudlulisa ukushisa.
(3) Ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kunye nokugcinwa kwenkqubo yokufudumala
Abaqhubi abahlukeneyo baneenjongo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko ezifana nemfundo kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa. Nangona basebenzisa izixhobo zokufudumeza ezifanayo kunye neoli yokudlulisa ukushisa, inqanaba labo lokulawula ubushushu benkqubo yokufudumeza kunye nesantya sokuhamba alifani.
Ubushushu yiparameter ebalulekileyo ye-thermal oxidation reaction kunye ne-thermal polymerization reaction ye-oyile yokudluliselwa kobushushu. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu linyuka, izinga lokusabela kwezi zintlu ezimbini liya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuthambekela kwe-coking kuya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokweethiyori ezifanelekileyo zemigaqo yobunjineli beekhemikhali: njengoko inani leReynolds linyuka, izinga lokupheka liyancipha. Inani le-Reynolds lilingana nesantya sokuhamba kwe-oyile yokuhambisa ubushushu. Ngoko ke, isantya esikhulu sokuhamba kweoli yokuhambisa ukushisa, ukucotha ukupheka.

[5]. Izisombululo ekuphekeni
Ukuze unciphise ukubunjwa kokupheka kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeoli yokuhambisa ubushushu, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe kule miba ilandelayo:
(1) Khetha ioyile yokuhambisa ubushushu yophawu olufanelekileyo kwaye ubeke iliso kwindlela yezalathi zayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali
Ioli yokudlulisa ubushushu yahlulwe ngokweemveliso ngokweqondo lobushushu bokusetyenziswa. Phakathi kwazo, i-oyile yokudlulisa ukushisa kweeminerali iquka iintlobo ezintathu: L-QB280, L-QB300 kunye ne-L-QC320, kunye namaqondo okushisa okusetyenziswa yi-280 ℃, 300 ℃ kunye ne-320 ℃ ngokulandelanayo.
Ioli yokutshintshwa kobushushu ye-brand efanelekileyo kunye nomgangatho odibana nomgangatho we-SH /T 0677-1999 "I-Heat Transfer Fluid" kufuneka ikhethwe ngokuhambelana nobushushu bokufudumala kwenkqubo yokufudumala. Okwangoku, ubushushu bokusetyenziswa obucetyiswayo kwezinye ii-oyile zokuhambisa ubushushu obukhoyo ngokurhweba zahluke kakhulu kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa, ezilahlekisa abasebenzisi kunye neengozi zokhuseleko zenzeka ngamaxesha ngamaxesha. Kufuneka itsale ingqalelo uninzi lwabasebenzisi!
Ioyile yokudlulisa ubushushu kufuneka yenziwe ngeoyile yesiseko esulungekileyo kunye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal kunye ne-high-temperature antioxidants kunye ne-anti-scaling additives. I-antioxidant yokushisa ephezulu inokulibazisa ngokufanelekileyo i-oxidation kunye nokuqina kweoli yokudlulisa ukushisa ngexesha lokusebenza; i-agent echasene nobushushu obuphezulu inokunyibilikisa i-coking kwiityhubhu zesithando somlilo kunye nemibhobho, iyisasaze kwi-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu, kwaye ihluze ngesihluzo se-bypass yenkqubo ukugcina iityhubhu zomlilo kunye nemibhobho icocekile. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu okanye ezintandathu zokusetyenziswa, i-viscosity, i-flash point, ixabiso le-asidi kunye ne-carbon residu ye-oyile yokudlulisa ukushisa kufuneka ilandelwe kwaye ihlalutywe. Xa izibonakaliso ezimbini zidlula umda ochaziweyo (i-carbon residue engekho ngaphezu kwe-1.5%, ixabiso le-asidi alikho ngaphezu kwe-0.5mgKOH /g, izinga lokutshintsha kwe-flash point ayikho ngaphezu kwe-20%, izinga lokutshintsha kwe-viscosity lingekho ngaphezu kwe-15%), kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukongeza ioli entsha okanye ukubuyisela yonke ioli.
(2) Uyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kwenkqubo yokufudumala
Uyilo kunye nokufakwa kwenkqubo yokufudumeza i-oyile yokudlulisa ukushisa kufuneka ilandele ngokungqongqo imimiselo yoyilo lwe-oyile eshushu eyenziwe ngamasebe afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo yokufudumala.
(3) Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kwenkqubo yokufudumala
Ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kwenkqubo yokufudumeza kwe-oyile eshushu kufuneka kulandele ngokungqongqo ukhuseleko kunye nemigaqo yolawulo lobugcisa kwiziko lokuthwala ubushushu obuphilayo obuqulunqwe ngamasebe afanelekileyo, kwaye iliso eliguqukayo leeparameters ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu kunye nesantya sokuqukuqela kweoyile eshushu kwindawo yokufudumeza. inkqubo nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ekusetyenzisweni okwenyani, iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwindawo yokuphuma kweziko lokufudumeza kufuneka libe ngaphantsi kwe-20 ℃ ngaphantsi kobushushu bokusebenza kweoli yokudlulisa ubushushu.
Ubushushu be-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu kwitanki yokwandisa yenkqubo evulekileyo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-60 ℃, kwaye iqondo lokushisa akufanele lidlule i-180 ℃.
Isantya sokuhamba kweoli yokudlulisa ubushushu kwisithando somlilo esishushu akufanele sibe ngaphantsi kwe-2.5 m /s ukunyusa i-turbulence ye-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bomgangatho osezantsi omileyo kumaleko womda wokudlulisa ukushisa kunye Ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuguquguqukayo, kunye nokuphucula i-coefficient yokuhambisa ubushushu obubambekayo ukufezekisa injongo yokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bolwelo.
(4) Ukucoca inkqubo yokufudumala
I-oxidation ye-thermal kunye nemveliso ye-polymerization ye-thermal yokuqala yenza i-polymerized high-carbon viscous izinto ezibambelela eludongeni lombhobho. Izinto ezinjalo zinokususwa ngokucoca imichiza.
Izinto ezinekhabhoni ephezulu zekhabhoni ziphinda zenze iidiphozithi ezingaphelelanga. Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali kusebenza kuphela kwiindawo ezingekabikho carbonized. Icoke eyenziwe ngegraphitized ngokupheleleyo. Ukucocwa kweekhemikhali akusesona isisombululo kolu hlobo lwento. Ukucoca ngoomatshini ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa phesheya. Kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Xa izinto ezenziwe nge-high-carbon viscous substances zingekabikho i-carbonized, abasebenzisi banokuthenga ii-agent zokucoca iikhemikhali zokucoca.

[6]. Ukuqukumbela
1. I-coking ye-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokudlulisa ubushushu ivela kwiimveliso ze-reaction ye-thermal oxidation reaction kunye ne-thermal polymerization reaction.
2. I-coking ye-oyile yokudlulisa ubushushu iya kubangela ukuba i-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu yenkqubo yokufudumeza iyancipha, ukufudumala kweqondo lokushisa kwanda, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kwanda. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kuya kukhokelela ekuveleni kweengozi ezifana nomlilo, ukuqhuma kunye nokulimala komntu osebenza kwisithando somlilo.
3. Ukuze unciphise ukubunjwa kwe-coking, ioli yokutshintshwa kobushushu elungiselelwe ngeoli yesiseko ecocekileyo kunye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal kunye ne-high-temperature anti-oxidation kunye ne-additives anti-fouling kufuneka ikhethwe. Kubasebenzisi, iimveliso ezisebenzisa ubushushu bokusebenza bugqitywe ngugunyaziwe kufuneka zikhethwe.
4. Inkqubo yokufudumala kufuneka yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifakwe, kunye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwesistim sokufudumala kufuneka kulinganiswe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. I-viscosity, i-flash point, ixabiso le-asidi kunye ne-carbon eseleyo ye-oyile yokuhambisa ubushushu ekusebenzeni kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ukujonga iinguqu zabo.
5. Iikhemikhali zokucoca iikhemikhali zingasetyenziselwa ukucoca i-coking engazange ifakwe i-carbonized kwinkqubo yokufudumala.