I-asphalt ngumxube omdaka-mnyama ontsonkothileyo owenziwe ngeehydrocarbons zobunzima bemolekyuli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Luhlobo lwe-high-viscosity organic liquid. Ilulwelo, inomphezulu omnyama, kwaye iyanyibilika kwicarbon disulfide. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-asphalt: Eyona nto isetyenziswayo zizixhobo zeziseko ezingundoqo, imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye namafutha. Imimandla yesicelo sayo ibandakanya ezothutho (iindlela, oololiwe, inqwelomoya, njl.njl.), ulwakhiwo, ezolimo, iiprojekthi zogcino lwamanzi, ishishini (ishishini lokukhupha, ukuvelisa), ukusetyenziswa koluntu, njl. njl.

Iintlobo ze asphalt:
1. Itha yetha yamalahle, ibala letela liyimveliso ephuma kwi-coking, oko kukuthi, into emnyama eseleyo kwi-ketile yokuxutywa kwetha emva kokukhutshwa kwetha. Yahluke kuphela kwitela esulungekisiweyo kwiipropati ezibonakalayo, kwaye akukho mda ocacileyo. Indlela yokuhlela ngokubanzi kukumisela ukuba abo banendawo yokuthamba engaphantsi kwe-26.7°C (cubic method) bayitha, baze abo bangaphezu kwe-26.7°C yi-asphalt. Itha yetha yamalahle iqulethe ikakhulu i-anthracene ephikisayo, i-phenanthrene, ipyrene, njl. Utshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu kunempembelelo enkulu kwibala letela yamalahle. Ithanda ukuba brittleness ebusika kwaye ithambe ehlotyeni. Inevumba elikhethekileyo xa ishushu; emva kweeyure ezi-5 zokufudumeza ukuya kwi-260 ° C, i-anthracene, i-phenanthrene, i-pyrene kunye nezinye izinto eziqulethwe kuyo ziya kuguquka.

2. I-asphalt yePetroleum. I-asphalt ye-Petroleum yintsalela emva kokuchithwa kwe-oyile ekrwada. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokucokisa, iba lulwelo, i-semi-solid okanye iqinile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi. I-asphalt yePetroleum imnyama kwaye iyamenyezela kwaye inovakalelo oluphezulu lobushushu. Ekubeni i-distilled ukuya kumaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-400 ° C ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, iqulethe izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu eziguquguqukayo, kodwa kusenokubakho ii-hydrocarbons eziphezulu ze-molecular ezingazange ziguquguquke, kwaye ezi zinto ziyingozi kakhulu okanye zincinci kwimpilo yabantu.

3. I-asphalt yendalo. I-asphalt yendalo igcinwa phantsi komhlaba, kwaye ezinye zenza iidiphozithi zeminerali okanye ziqokelele kumphezulu womhlaba. Uninzi lwale asphalt luye lwaba ngumphunga wendalo kunye ne-oxidation, kwaye ngokubanzi ayinayo nayiphi na ityhefu. Izinto ze-asphalt zohlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-asphalt yomhlaba kunye ne-tar asphalt. I-asphalt ephantsi yohlulwe kwi-asphalt yendalo kunye ne-petroleum asphalt. I-asphalt yendalo yintsalela emva kokuvezwa kwexesha elide kunye nokunyuka kweoli ephuma emhlabeni; I-petroleum asphalt yimveliso efunyenwe ngokuphatha i-oyile eshiyekileyo eseleyo kwi-petroleum ecocisiweyo kunye ne-processed process ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo. . I-tar pitch yimveliso ehlaziyiweyo yetela efunyenwe kwicarbonization yamalahle, iinkuni kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Uninzi lweasphalt esetyenziswa kubunjineli yi-petroleum asphalt, engumxube weehydrocarbons ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-flash point ye-asphalt iphakathi kwe-240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, kwaye indawo yokutshisa i malunga ne-3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ ephezulu kune-flash point, ngoko ke ubushushu bokwakha kufuneka bulawuleke ngaphantsi kwe-flash point.