Njengamandla oqoqosho akhula ngokukhawuleza, iChina igcine uphuhliso olunesantya esiphezulu kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo. Njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zokudibanisa imimandla yasezidolophini nasezilalini kunye nokudibanisa imimandla yangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuthuthwa kweendlela kuye kwenza inkqubela enkulu kwiminyaka yamuva nje.
Ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2022, umgama wendlela yaseTshayina ufikelele malunga ne-5.28 yezigidi zeekhilomitha, apho umgama weendlela ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ungaphezulu kwe-170,000 yeekhilomitha, nto leyo eyenza ibe lelinye lawona mazwe aneyona migama inde yeendlela ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.
Ukongeza, uphuhliso lwendlela yaseTshayina lukwanezinto ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, ezinje ngowona mgangatho uphakamileyo wendlela wehlabathi kunye nebhulorho enkulu yokuwela ulwandle. Kunokuthiwa ukuthuthwa kweendlela zaseChina kuye kwaphuhliswa kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso zesizwe, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nokuququzelela ukuhamba kwabantu.
Kodwa ngaba ufumene ingxaki? Kukho izinto ezimbini zokwakhiwa kwendlela, ngoko i-samente okanye i-asphalt. Kutheni zingasetyenziswa zonke iindlela ze asphalt?
Namhlanje siza kuxubusha ukuba kungcono ukusebenzisa i-samente okanye i-asphalt ekwakhiweni kwendlela.

Isamente VS Asphalt
Indlela yesamente kunye nendlela ye asphalt zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokwakha zendlela. Indlela yesamente yenziwe ikakhulu ngesamente, isanti, igrabile kunye nezinye izinto, ngelixa indlela yeasphalt yenziwa ikakhulu yiasphalt, umgubo wezimbiwa, igrabile kunye nezinye izinto. Masithethe ngezinto eziluncedo zesamente kunye nendlela ye asphalt ngokulandelelanayo.

Umsebenzi wobomi
Iindlela zesamente zinzima kuneendlela ze-asphalt. Ubukhulu beendlela zesamente ngokuqhelekileyo bungaphezulu kwama-20 cm. Ngenxa yozinzo oluhle lwesakhiwo kunye nokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwezithuthi ezinzima, idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifana nohola wendlela kunye neenqwelo-moya zeenqwelomoya ezifuna ukuhlala kunye nokuzinza.
Xa sithetha ngokuthelekisa, ubukhulu bendlela ye-asphalt bumalunga ne-5 cm kuphela, ngoko ke idla ngokufaneleka kuphela kwiziganeko zendlela ezilula ezifana neendlela zasedolophini.
Ngokobude bobomi, iindlela zesamente nazo zingcono kancinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubomi benkonzo yendlela yesamente inokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, ngelixa ubomi benkonzo ye-asphalt pavement bumalunga neminyaka eyi-10-15 kuphela.
Oku kungenxa yokuba iipropati zekhemikhali zesamente zizinzile ngakumbi kune-asphalt, kwaye iimpawu zayo ze-antioxidant zinamandla. Inokugcina ubunzima kunye nokuzinza kwayo ixesha elide kwaye ayichatshazelwa lula yimiba yokusingqongileyo efana nelanga nemvula.

Ukonakaliswa kwendalo
Ngokombono wenkqubo yemveliso, inkqubo yokuveliswa kweendlela zesamente ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi kwaye ikwavelisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside. Ukuveliswa kwendlela ye-asphalt kunokonga amandla athile kwaye kukhuphe ikharbon diokside encinane. Ke ngoko, ngokwenkqubo yemveliso, iindlela zesamente zinokuyonakalisa kancinane indalo esingqongileyo.
Kodwa ukusuka kwinqanaba lokusetyenziswa, zombini iindlela zesamente kunye neendlela ze-asphalt ziya kubangela umonakalo othile kwindalo. Ipavement ye asphalt ithande ukuthamba kwimozulu eshushu kwaye ikhuphe izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo, ezinempembelelo ethile embi kumgangatho womoya. Ipavumente ekhonkrithi izinzile kwaye ayivelisi izinto ezifanayo eziguqukayo. Noko ke, umphezulu wendlela yesamente unzima ngokwentelekiso, yaye xa izithuthi ziqhuba kuwo, uya kuvelisa ungcoliseko oluthile lwengxolo. Kwangaxeshanye, ipavumente yesamente nayo iya kwandisa umngcipheko weengozi zendlela.

Iindleko
Ngokweendleko zokwakha, iindlela zesamente zibiza kakhulu kuneendlela ze-asphalt. Iindlela zesamente zifuna izinto ezininzi kunye nenkqubo yokwakha eyinkimbinkimbi, ngoko iindleko zabo zokwakha ziphezulu kuneendlela ze-asphalt. Kwangaxeshanye, iindlela zesamente zithatha ixesha elide ukwakhiwa, nto leyo eya kwandisa iindleko zazo zokwakha.
Ngokwemigaqo yokulungiswa kwasemva kokulungiswa kweendlela, iindlela zesamente zifuna iindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwazo ngenxa yobunzima nozinzo olungcono. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho iintanda okanye imingxuma kwindlela yesamente, iindleko zokuyilungisa ziya kuba phezulu. Iindlela ze-asphalt ziphantsi kakhulu kwiindleko zokulondolozwa ngenxa yokuba zinokulungiswa ngokubeka umaleko omtsha we-asphalt.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona iindlela ze-asphalt zinoqoqosho ngakumbi ngokweendleko zokwakha kunye neendleko zasemva kokugcinwa, ubomi babo benkonzo bufutshane kwaye zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa, kwaye ezi ndleko nazo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. .

Ukhuseleko
Masiqale nge-coefficient ye-friction yendawo yendlela. Zombini iindlela zesamente kunye neendlela ze-asphalt zineengxabano ezilungileyo kwaye zinokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo ukunyathela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-braking xa izithuthi ziqhuba.
Nangona kunjalo, i-asphalt pavement ine-elasticity efanelekileyo kunye ne-viscosity, ngoko ke xa uqhuba kwiindlela ezinemvula okanye ezityibilikayo, i-friction coefficient ye-asphalt pavement iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukubonelela ukungqubuzana kwendlela ezinzileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa umngcipheko wokutyibilika kwesithuthi okanye ukulahleka kolawulo. .
Okwesibini, ngokwembono yokuthe tyaba komphezulu wendlela, indlela yesamente inzima kwaye igudileyo, enokumelana ngcono neempembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela okuveliswa kukuqhuba isithuthi kunye nokubonelela ngobume bokuqhuba obuzinzile.
Ipavumente ye-asphalt ithambile ngokwentelekiso, inomlinganiselo othile wokuguquka nokunyuka nokuhla, okunokubangela amaqhuqhuva xa isithuthi siqhuba, yandise ubunzima kunye nokudinwa komqhubi, nokunciphisa ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Okwesithathu, malunga nokuqina kwe-pavement, i-pavement ye-samente yomelele ngakumbi, izinzile, inobomi obude benkonzo, kwaye ayichatshazelwa lula yimiba yangaphandle efana nemozulu kunye nobushushu.
Okwesine, i-asphalt pavement ibuthathaka kwaye ichatshazelwa lula yimiba yokusingqongileyo efana nokuchaswa lilanga kunye nemvula, okukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokuguga kwendlela, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokuguqulwa, nto leyo echaphazela ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Ngokuthelekisa, akunzima ukufumanisa ukuba iindlela zesamente zineenzuzo zazo kwaye iindlela ze-asphalt zineenzuzo zazo. Kutheni oohola bendlela beziindlela ze asphalt, kodwa isikhululo serhafu yindlela yesamente?

Ukulungiswa kohola wendlela
Ziziphi iingenelo ezifunekayo ukuze kulungiswe iindlela koohola bendlela?
Ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko.
Njengoko besesitshilo, i-asphalt ine-adhesion elungileyo kunye ne-elasticity, kwaye inokubambelela kakuhle kwindlela esisiseko ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuqina kunye nokuthwala umthamo wendlela.
Ukongeza, i-asphalt nayo inokusebenza kakuhle kokungena manzi, okunokuthi kuthintele ngokufanelekileyo amanzi emvula ukuba angangeni kwindawo esezantsi yendlela, ukuthintela iingxaki ezinjengokuthambisa isiseko kunye nokuhlaliswa.
Ukongeza, umgangatho we-flatness kunye ne-friction coefficient ye-asphalt-paved roads ziphezulu, ezinokubonelela ngokuzinza okungcono kunye nokuthuthuzela, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lokuqhuba.
Xa uqhuba koohola bendlela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukwazi ukuqhobosha. Mangaphi amatyala ezithuthi aneengozi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuziqhobosha. Kakade ke, ngaphezu kokhuseleko, kukho enye inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukubiza.
Ukwakhiwa kweendlela kubiza imali, kwaye iindlela ezinde zibiza imali eninzi. Kwilizwe elifana nelizwe lam elinomhlaba omkhulu, ukwakhiwa kweendlela kubiza imali eninzi nangakumbi. Ngoko xa sikhetha izixhobo zendlela, akufuneki sikhethe kuphela izinto ezingabizi kakhulu zokulungiswa, kodwa kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zokugcinwa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokugalela i-asphalt, i-asphalt ineendleko eziphantsi zokwakha nezokugcina, nto leyo enokuzisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kulwakhiwo nokusebenza koohola bendlela. Ke ngoko, i-asphalt lolona khetho lufanelekileyo koohola bendlela. Kutheni izikhululo ezirhafisayo zisebenzisa isamente? Izikhululo zohola wendlela zezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo koohola bendlela. Badlala indima ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwezithuthi kunye nokuqokelela iirhafu. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuba nomdla wokwazi ukuba kutheni iindlela kwezi zikhululo zokurhafisa zenziwe ngesamente endaweni yeasphalt njengohola wendlela. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isamente ifaneleke ngakumbi ekulungiseni iindlela kwizikhululo zokurhafisa. Isizathu sokuqala kukuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-asphalt, isamente yomelele kwaye inokumelana noxinzelelo lwenani elikhulu lezithuthi ezidlulayo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezingqonge izikhululo zokurhafisa, kuba ezi ndawo zihlala zifuna ukuthwala imithwalo enzima evela kwiilori nezinye iimoto ezinzima. Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuqina okukhulu kwesamente, iindlela ezikwizikhululo zokurhafisa akufuneki zilungiswe kwaye zilungiswe rhoqo njengeendlela zetha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubomi bendlela bude kwaye iindleko ezininzi zokugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa zinokugcinwa. Okokugqibela, iindlela zesamente zinobuhlobo ngakumbi nendalo kuneendlela ze-asphalt. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa i-asphalt, inani elikhulu leegesi eziyingozi kunye nenkunkuma ziveliswa. Ukwenziwa kwesamente kukhupha ikharbon diokside encinci, kwaye xa iindlela zesamente zidilizwa, izinto zesamente zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nefuthe lendalo.
Ngoku uyazazi iingenelo zeendlela zesamente kwiindlela ze asphalt.

Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, ukwakhiwa kohola wendlela yaseTshayina isebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, nganye ineengenelo zayo ezizodwa kunye nobubanzi besicelo. Ingaba i-asphalt, i-samente okanye ezinye izinto, isicwangciso esihle sokwakha sinokukhethwa ngokwamacandelo eendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zendlela yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yendlela enkulu.
Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nenkqubela phambili yentlalo, ukwakhiwa kohola wendlela kuya kujongana nemingeni kunye namathuba amaninzi. Kufuneka siqhubeke nokusungula izinto ezintsha, siphucula umgangatho wendlela, kwaye sikhuthaze uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezothutho. Sikholelwa ukuba ngeenzame ezidibeneyo zawo onke amaqela, ishishini lohola welizwe lam ngokuqinisekileyo liya kuzisa ingomso elingcono.