Ukuguqula ama-aggregate nebitumen kube itiyela ukuze kwakhiwe imigwaqo kudinga inqubo yokuxuba okushisayo. Isitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt sibalulekile kulokhu. Inhloso yesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt ukuhlanganisa i-aggregate ne-asphalt ndawonye endaweni yokushisa ephakeme ukukhiqiza ingxube ye-asphalt yokugandaywa kwe-homogeneous. I-aggregate esetshenzisiwe ingaba yimpahla eyodwa, inhlanganisela ye-coarse and fine aggregates, ene-mineral filler noma ngaphandle kwayo. I-binder material esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile i-asphalt kodwa ingaba i-emulsion ye-asphalt noma enye yezinto ezihlukahlukene eziguquliwe. Izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinto eziwuketshezi neziyimpuphu, nazo zingafakwa engxubeni.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezidume kakhulu zezitshalo zokuxuba itiyela elishisayo njengamanje: i-batch mix, i-drum mix, kanye nengxube yezigubhu eqhubekayo. Zontathu lezi zinhlobo zisebenzisa inhloso efanayo ekugcineni, futhi ingxube yetiyela kufanele ifane ngokuyisisekelo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesitshalo olusetshenziselwa ukuyikhiqiza. Izinhlobo ezintathu zezitshalo ziyehluka, nokho, ekusebenzeni nasekuhambeni kwezinto, njengoba kuchazwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

I-Batch Mix Asphalt Plant
i-asphalt mixing plant iyithuluzi elibalulekile lanoma iyiphi inkampani yokwakha umgwaqo. Noma yikuphi ukusebenza kwesitshalo se-asphalt batch mix kunemisebenzi eminingi. Izitshalo ze-Asphalt Batch zikhiqiza i-asphalt yengxube eshisayo ochungechungeni lwamaqoqo. Lezi zitshalo ze-batch mix zikhiqiza i-asphalt yengxube eshisayo ngenqubo eqhubekayo. Kuyenzeka uguqule futhi usebenzise lesi sisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza i-asphalt eshisayo kusetshenziswa izinto ezigaywe kabusha. Izitshalo zohlobo lweqoqo zinokuhlukahluka kuzo okuvumela ukungezwa kwe-RAP (I-Reclaimed asphalt pavement). Izingxenye zesitshalo sokuxuba iqoqo le-asphalt ejwayelekile yilezi: uhlelo lokuphakelayo, uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngetiyela, isomisi esihlanganisiwe, umbhoshongo wokuxutshwa, kanye nohlelo lokulawula ukungcola. Umbhoshongo we-batch plant uqukethe ikheshi elishisayo, ideskithophu yesikrini, imigqomo eshisayo, i-hopper yesisindo, ibhakede lesisindo se-asphalt, kanye ne-pugmill. Isamba esisetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni siyasuswa esitokisini futhi sifakwe emigqonyeni eyodwa yokuphakelayo okubandayo. Ama-aggregate amasayizi ahlukene ahlukaniswa ngaphandle kwemigqomo yawo ngenhlanganisela yobukhulu bokuvuleka kwesango ngaphansi komgqomo ngamunye kanye nesivinini sebhande lokuthutha ngaphansi komgqomo. Ngokuvamile, ibhande le-feeder ngaphansi komgqomo ngamunye libeka isamba endaweni yokuthutha eqoqayo etholakala ngaphansi kwayo yonke imigqomo yokudla okubandayo. I-aggregate ithuthwa yi-conveyor eqoqayo futhi idluliselwe ku-conveyor eshajayo. Izinto eziku-conveyor yokushaja zibe sezithwalwa ziyiswe esomisini esihlanganisiwe.

I-dryer isebenza ngokuphikisana nokugeleza. I-aggregate yethulwa esomisini ekugcineni engenhla futhi ihanjiswa phansi nesigubhu ngakho kokubili ukuzungezisa isigubhu (ukugeleza kwamandla adonsela phansi) kanye nokucushwa kwendiza ngaphakathi kwesomiso esizungezayo. I-burner itholakala ekugcineni okuphansi kwesomiso, futhi amagesi okukhipha amandla avela enkambisweni yokuvutha kanye nokomisa aqhubekela phezulu ekugcineni kwesomiso, ngokumelene (counter to) nokugeleza kwe-aggregate. Njengoba i-aggregate idilika ngamagesi aphumayo, izinto ziyashiswa futhi zomiswe. Umswakama uyasuswa bese ukhishwa esomisini njengengxenye yomfudlana wegesi ephumayo.

Isamba esishisayo, esomile sibe sesikhishwa esomisini ekugcineni esingezansi. I-aggregate eshisayo ivame ukuhanjiswa phezulu kombhoshongo wokuxuba izitshalo ngekheshi lebhakede. Lapho ikhishwa ku-elevator, i-aggregate ivamise ukudlula kusethi yezikrini ezidlidlizayo iye, ngokuvamile, komunye wemigqomo emine yokugcina eshisayo. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinhle kakhulu zingena ngqo kuzo zonke izikrini emgqonyeni oshisayo onguNombolo 1; ama-coarser aggregate particles ahlukaniswa yi-
izikrini ezinosayizi ohlukile futhi zifakwe komunye weminye imigqomo eshisayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-aggregate emigqonyeni eshisayo kuncike kusayizi wezimbobo esikrinini ezisetshenziswa kudekhi yesikrini kanye nokuhlelwa kweqoqo emigqonyeni yokudla okubandayo.

Inhlanganisela eshisiwe, eyomisiwe, futhi eshintshiwe igcinwa emigqonyeni eshisayo kuze kube yilapho ikhishwa esangweni elingaphansi komgqomo ngamunye ku-hopper yokukala. Ingxenye efanele yeqoqo ngalinye inqunywa isisindo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho i-aggregate ilinganiswa futhi ikalwa, i-asphalt idonswa ethangini layo lokugcina iye kwelinye ibhakede lesisindo elishisayo elisembhoshongweni ongaphezu nje kwe-pugmill. Inani elifanele lempahla likalwa ebhakedeni futhi libanjwe lize lithululelwe ku-pugmill. I-aggregate ku-weigh hopper ithululelwa ku-twin-shaft pugmill, futhi izingxenye ezihlukene ezihlanganisiwe zihlanganiswa ndawonye isikhathi esifushane kakhulu— ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-5. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi esifushane sokuxuba okomile, itiyela eliphuma ebhakedeni lesisindo liyakhishwa.

ku-pugmill, futhi isikhathi sokuxuba okumanzi siqala. Isikhathi sokuxuba sokuhlanganisa itiyela ne-aggregate akufanele sibe ngaphezu kwaleso esidingekayo ukuze umboze ngokuphelele izinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe ngefilimu elincanyana lezinto zetiyela—ngokuvamile ebangeni lamasekhondi angu-25 kuya kwangu-35, nengxenye engezansi yalobu bubanzi. ukuba yi-pugmill esesimweni esihle. Ubukhulu be-batch obuxubene ku-pugmill bungaba ku-1.81 kuya ku-5.44 amathani (amathani angu-2 kuya kwangu-6).
Lapho ukuxuba sekuqediwe, amasango angaphansi kwe-pugmill ayavulwa, futhi ingxube ikhishelwa emotweni yokudonsa noma emshinini wokudlulisa othwala ukuxuba ku-silo lapho amaloli azolayishwa khona nge-batch fashion. Ezitshalweni eziningi ze-batch, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze uvule amasango e-pugmill futhi ukhiphe ukuxuba cishe imizuzwana emi-5 kuya kweyi-7. Isikhathi esiphelele sokuxuba (isikhathi sokuxuba okomile + isikhathi sokuxuba okumanzi + isikhathi sokukhipha ingxube) senqwaba singaba sifushane cishe imizuzwana engama-40, kodwa ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuxuba esiphelele singamasekhondi angu-45.

Imboni ifakwe izinto zokulawula ukungcola, okuhlanganisa kokubili amasistimu wokuqoqa ayisisekelo nawesibili. Umqoqi owomile noma ibhokisi lokukhipha ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa njengomqoqi oyinhloko. Kungaba uhlelo lokukhuhla okumanzi noma, kaningi, uhlelo lokuhlunga indwangu eyomile (i-baghouse) lungasetshenziswa njengesistimu yokuqoqa yesibili ukuze kususwe izinhlayiya ezivela kumagesi akhipha umoya agelezayo aphuma esomisini futhi athumele umoya ohlanzekile emkhathini ngokusebenzisa isitaki. .
Uma i-RAP ihlanganiswe nengxube, ifakwa emgqonyeni ohlukile wokuphakelayo okubandayo lapho ihanjiswa khona esitshalweni. I-RAP ingangezwa ku-aggregate entsha kwenye yezindawo ezintathu: phansi kwekheshi elishisayo; imigqomo eshisayo; noma, ngokuvamile, i-hopper yesisindo. Ukudluliswa kokushisa phakathi kwe-aggregate entsha eshisa kakhulu kanye nezinto ezitholiwe kabusha kuqala ngokushesha nje lapho izinto ezimbili zihlangana futhi ziqhubeka phakathi nenqubo yokuxuba ku-pugmill.


Drum Mix Asphalt Plant
Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwe-batch, isitshalo se-asphalt se-drum mix sinokulahlekelwa okushisayo okuncane, amandla aphansi okusebenza, akukho ukuchichima, ukundiza okuncane kothuli nokulawula izinga lokushisa elizinzile. Isistimu yokulawula ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokugeleza kwe-asphalt ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-aggregates kanye nesilinganiso se-asphalt-aggregates yangaphambi kokusetha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa okulinganayo okunembile. Isitshalo se-Asphalt drum mix plant yizinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukaniswa njengezitshalo ezihlanganisayo eziqhubekayo, zikhiqize i-asphalt ehlanganisiwe eshisayo ngenqubo eqhubekayo.

Ngokuvamile amasistimu okuphakelayo okubandayo kuqoqo le-HMA kanye nezitshalo ze-drum-mix ziyefana. Ngamunye uqukethe imigqomo yokuphakelayo okubandayo, amaconveyor okuphakelayo, i-conveyor yokuqoqa, kanye ne-conveyor yokushaja. Ezitshalweni eziningi zokuxuba izigubhu nakwezinye izitshalo zeqoqo, isikrini se-scalping sifakiwe ohlelweni ngesikhathi esithile. Uma i-RAP iphinde ifakwe esitshalweni ukuze kukhiqizwe ingxube egaywe kabusha, umgqomo owengeziwe wokuphakelayo okubandayo noma imigqomo, ibhande lokuphakelayo kanye/noma isithuthi sokuqoqa, isikrini se-scalping, nesidlulisi sokushaja kuyadingeka ukuze kuphathwe impahla eyengeziwe. Izitshalo ze-drum-mix zihlanganisa izingxenye ezinhlanu ezinkulu: uhlelo lokuphakelayo okubandayo, uhlelo lokuhlinzeka nge-asphalt, umxube wezigubhu, ama-surge or storage silos, kanye nemishini yokulawula ukuphuma.

Imigqomo yokudla okubandayo isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa impahla nesitshalo. Ibhande lesiphakeli esishintshashintshayo lisetshenziswa ngaphansi komgqomo ngamunye. Inani lesamba elidonswa emgqonyeni ngamunye lingalawulwa yikho kokubili usayizi wesango elivulekayo kanye nesivinini sebhande lesiphakeli ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukulethwa okunembile kwezinto ezinosayizi ohlukile. Isamba sebhande ngalinye le-feeder lifakwa ku-conveyor eqoqayo ehamba ngaphansi kwayo yonke imigqomo yokuphakelayo. Impahla ehlanganisiwe ivamise ukudlula esikrinini se-scalping bese idluliselwa kusidluliseli esishajayo ukuze sithuthelwe kumxube wezigubhu.

I-conveyor eshajayo ifakwe amadivayisi amabili asetshenziselwa ukunquma inani le-aggregate elethwa esitshalweni: ibhuloho lesisindo ngaphansi kwebhande lokuthutha likala isisindo se-aggregate edlula phezu kwayo, futhi inzwa inquma isivinini sebhande. Lawa manani amabili asetshenziselwa ukubala isisindo esimanzi se-aggregate, ngamathani (amathani) ngehora, kufakwa kumxube wezigubhu. Ikhompyutha yesitshalo, enenani lomswakama ekuhlanganisweni okuhlinzekwe njengenani lokufaka, iguqula isisindo esimanzi sibe isisindo esomile ukuze inqume inani elilungile letiyela elidingekayo kungxube.

Ingxube yesigubhu evamile iyisistimu yokugeleza okuhambisanayo—amagesi okukhipha imfucumfucu kanye neqoqo lihamba ngendlela efanayo. I-burner itholakala ekugcineni okuphezulu (i-aggregate inlet end) yesigubhu. I-aggregate ingena esigubhu kusuka ku-chute ethambekele ngaphezu kwesishisi noma ku-Slinger conveyor ngaphansi kwesishisi. I-aggregate ihanjiswa phansi esigubhu ngenhlanganisela yamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokucushwa kwezindiza ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwesigubhu. Njengoba ihamba, i-aggregate iyashiswa futhi umswakama uyasuswa. Iveyili eminyene yenhlanganisela yakhiwe eduze nendawo emaphakathi yobude besigubhu ukusiza inqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa.

Uma i-RAP yengezwa ku-aggregate entsha, ifakwa emgqonyeni wayo wokuphakelayo okubandayo kanye nesistimu yokuthutha//yokushaja yokushaja endaweni eseduze nendawo emaphakathi yobude besigubhu (isistimu yokuhlukanisa okuphakelayo). Kule nqubo, okokusebenza okubuyisiwe kuvikelwa kumagesi akhipha umoya okushisa aphezulu ngeveli yenhlanganisela entsha ekhuphuka nomfula wendawo yokungena ye-RAP. Uma kusetshenziswa izingxube ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-RAP, maningi amathuba okuthi i-RAP izoshiswa ngokweqile kule nqubo. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuthi kukhishwe intuthu esigubhuni noma umonakalo ku-RAP.

Isamba esisha nesitholiwe kabusha, uma sisetshenziswa, sihamba ndawonye siye engxenyeni engemuva yesigubhu. Itiyela lidonswa ethangini lokugcina ngepompo bese liphakelwa imitha, lapho kunqunywa umthamo ofanele wetiyela. Izinto ezihlanganisayo zibe sezilethwa ngepayipi ngemuva kwesigubhu sokuxuba, lapho itiyela lijova ku-aggregate. Ukumbozwa kweqoqo kwenzeka njengoba izinto zidilika ndawonye futhi ziyiswa ekugcineni kwesigubhu. Izinhlawulo zokugcwalisa amaminerali noma ze-baghouse, noma zombili, nazo zengezwa ngemuva kwesigubhu, ngaphambi nje noma ngokuhambisana nokwengezwa kwetiyela.

Ingxube yetiyela ifakwa kudivayisi yokudlulisa (i-drag slat conveyor, ibhande elihambisa ibhande, noma i-lifti yebhakede) ukuze ihanjiswe ku-silo yokugcina. Isisele siguqula ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwengxube kube ukugeleza kwenqwaba ukuze kukhishwe emotweni edonsayo.

Ngokuvamile, uhlobo olufanayo lwempahla yokulawula ukungcola lusetshenziswa esitshalweni sokuxuba izigubhu njengasesitshalweni senqwaba. Umqoqi oyinhloko owomile kanye nesistimu ye-scrubber emanzi noma umqoqi wesibili we-baghouse ungasetshenziswa. Uma kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokukhuhla okumanzi, izinhlawulo eziqoqiwe azikwazi ukuphinda zigaywe kabusha kungxube futhi zimoshwe; uma i-baghouse isetshenziswa, izinhlawulo eziqoqiwe zingabuyiselwa ngokuphelele noma ingxenye yesigubhu sokuxuba, noma zingachithwa.


I-Continuous Mix Asphalt Plant
Ezitshalweni eziqhubekayo akukho ukuphazamiseka emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza njengoba isigqi sokukhiqiza asihlukaniswa ngamaqoqo. Ukuxutshwa kwempahla kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesigubhu esomisayo esinwetshiwe, njengoba somile futhi sixuba izinto ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengoba ungekho umbhoshongo wokuxutshwa noma amakheshi, isistimu yenziwa ibe lula kakhulu, nokuncipha kwezindleko zokuyilungisa. Ukungabikho kwesikrini nokho kwenza kube nesidingo sokuba nokulawula okunembayo ekuqaleni komjikelezo wokukhiqiza, ngaphambi kokuba ama-aggregate afakwe esomisini nangaphambi kokuba akhishwe ekomisweni njengetiyela.

I-AGREGATE METERING
Kufana nezitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt,
umjikelezo wokukhiqiza wezitshalo eziqhubekayo i-aslo iqala ngeziphakeli ezibandayo, lapho ama-aggregate ngokuvamile alinganiswa ngevolumu; uma kudingeka, i-sand extractor ingafakwa ibhande lokukala lokulinganisa.
Ukulawulwa kwesisindo esiphelele seqoqo lezintombi, nokho, kwenziwa ezigabeni ezimbili ezihlukene zomjikelezo wokukhiqiza ezitshalweni ezimbili ezihlukene. Ohlotsheni oluqhubekayo kukhona ibhande lokuphakelayo, ngaphambi kokuba ama-aggregate aswakeme afakwe esigubhuni esomisa, lapho okuqukethwe komswakama kumiswa ngesandla ukuze kuvunyelwe isisindo samanzi ukuba sikhishwe. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama kuma-aggregate, ikakhulukazi isihlabathi, kube nenani elingaguquki eliqashwe njalo ngokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri okuvamile.

IBITUMAN METERING
Ezitshalweni eziqhubekayo imitha yebitumen ngokuvamile i-volumetric ngokusebenzisa ilitha-counter elandela iphampu yokudla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka ukufaka i-counter counter mass, ukukhetha okudingekile uma i-bitumen eguquliwe isetshenziswa, okudinga ukuhlanza njalo.

Imitha yokugcwalisa
Ezitshalweni eziqhubekayo isistimu yokulinganisa ngokuvamile i-volumetric, kusetshenziswa izikulufu zokuphakelayo zesivinini esishintshashintshayo ezithathe indawo yesistimu yokulinganisa yomoya yangaphambilini.

Iphaneli yokulawula uhlobo lwe-PLC kuzo zonke izitshalo zethu ezithumela ngaphandle. Lokhu kungeza inani elikhulu ngoba singakwazi ukwenza i-PLC ngokwezifiso ngokwesidingo sethu. I-drum mixer efakwe iphaneli ye-PLC iwumshini ohlukile kunesitshalo esinephaneli ye-microprocessor. Iphaneli ye-PLC nayo ayinakulungiswa uma iqhathaniswa nephaneli ye-microprocessor. Sihlala sikholelwa ekunikezeni okungcono kakhulu kumakhasimende ukuze akwazi ukuhlala ngaphambi komncintiswano wawo. Akubona bonke abakhiqizi nabathumeli bezitshalo zemigqomo ye-asphalt abanikeza isitshalo esinephaneli ye-PLC.

Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwazo zonke izitshalo kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi noma yini eshiya imboni yethu isilungele ukusebenza ngobunzima obuncane esizeni.

I-Sinoroader ineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-30 yokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo osekelwa isevisi yochwepheshe nezinsimbi ezishibhile ukuze ukwazise futhi usebenzise amathuluzi akho iminyaka ezayo.