Enqubweni yokukhiqiza ingxube ye-asphalt, kuvame ukuba nezinto ezithile ezithinta ikhwalithi yayo yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, umqoqi wothuli lwezikhwama wesiteshi sikakhonkolo we-asphalt uzobangela ukuthi ukukhishwa kuhluleke ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya ngenxa yenani elikhulu legesi eshisa kakhulu nothuli. Ngakho-ke, umqoqi wothuli kufanele aphathwe ngendlela enengqondo futhi ngempumelelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo okujwayelekile futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zokukhishwa kwegesi. Abaqoqi bezikhwama zothuli banezinzuzo ezinkulu, njengokuzivumelanisa nezimo eziqinile, isakhiwo esilula nokusebenza okuzinzile, ngakho-ke zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Kodwa-ke, kusenezingqinamba eziningi eziqoqweni zothuli lwezikhwama, futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze zigcinwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo ngempumelelo.

[1]. Ukuhlaziywa kwezici, isimiso sokusebenza kanye nezici ezinomthelela zabaqoqi bezikhwama zothuli
Abaqoqi bezikhwama uthuli imishini esetshenziswa ukuhlanza ngempumelelo intuthu inqubo yokukhiqiza izingxube asphalt. Ngokuvamile ziyinqwaba futhi zihlanganisa isisekelo, igobolondo, i-inlet ne-outlet air chamber, isikhwama kanye nenhlanganisela ye-pulse.
1. Izici zomqoqi wothuli wesikhwama. Abaqoqi bothuli bavame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokukhiqiza ezokuthutha ezifuywayo, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokukhiqiza okuzimele kanye nokuphila kwesevisi okwandisiwe kwabaqoqi bothuli, kodwa okubaluleke nakakhulu, banezinye izinzuzo. Izinzuzo ezithile yilezi: Enye yezinzuzo zabaqoqi bezikhwama zothuli ukuthi banokusebenza kahle kokususa uthuli, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni uthuli lwe-submicron. Ngenxa yokuthi izidingo zento yayo yokwelashwa aziphezulu kakhulu, okuqukethwe kwegesi ye-flue nothuli akunawo umthelela omkhulu kumqoqi wothuli, ngakho abaqoqi bezikhwama bangasetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwabaqoqi bezikhwama zothuli kulula, futhi ukusebenza nakho kulula futhi kulula.
2. Isimiso sokusebenza somqoqi wothuli wesikhwama. Isimiso sokusebenza sokuqoqa uthuli lwesikhwama silula. Ngokuvamile, uthuli lwegesi ye-flue lungaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhwama salo. Le ndlela yokwelapha iyakwazi ukulawuleka ngomshini, ngakho ngenkathi kunqanyulwa uthuli, kuzokhishwa umoya ohlanzekile, futhi uthuli oluvalekile luzoqoqwa kufaneli bese lukhishwa ngepayipi lesistimu. Iziqoqi zothuli lwezikhwama zilula ukusebenza futhi kulula ukuziqaqa nokuyigcina, ngakho-ke zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ukukhishwa kwegesi yemfucuza ephilayo.
3. Izinto ezithinta abaqoqi bothuli bohlobo lwezikhwama. Abaqoqi bothuli bohlobo lwesikhwama banesikhathi senkonzo esilinganiselwe, futhi ukuze kwandiswe impilo yesevisi yomqoqi wothuli, amaphutha kufanele aqedwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Kunezici ezimbili ezivame ukuba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile kweziqoqi zothuli zohlobo lwezikhwama, okungukuthi imvamisa yokuhlanza uthuli nokuphathwa kwezikhwama. Ukuvama kokukhipha uthuli kuzothinta impilo yesevisi yomqoqi wothuli wohlobo lwesikhwama. Ukuvama okudlulele kuzodala umonakalo esikhwameni somqoqi wothuli. Ngokuvamile, ungqimba lombhede wokuhlunga lusetshenziswa esikhwameni sokuhlunga somqoqi wothuli ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yesikhwama sokuhlunga. Ukunakekelwa okunganele kwansuku zonke kwesikhwama kuzophinde kuthinte impilo yesevisi yomqoqi wothuli wohlobo lwesikhwama. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela, njengokuvimbela isikhwama ukuba singabi manzi, ukuvimbela isikhwama ukuba sichayeke elangeni eliqondile, nokuvimbela isikhwama ukuba siwohloke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhwama, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya kufanele lifinyelele izinga elijwayelekile. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho ukusebenza kahle komqoqi wothuli wohlobo lwesikhwama kungaqinisekiswa futhi impilo yayo yesevisi inwetshwe.

[2]. Izinkinga ezivamile ekusetshenzisweni kwabaqoqi bezikhwama zothuli
1. Umehluko wengcindezi esikhwameni uphezulu kakhulu kodwa amandla ayo okukhipha uthuli aphansi kakhulu.
(1) Izinto ezingcolisa i-hydrocarbon ezisele esikhwameni. Umthombo wokungcola kwesikhwama awudingi ukunqunywa ngesikhathi, futhi isici esithonya singase sibe inkinga kaphethiloli. Uma uphethiloli osesikhwameni ungamafutha, izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zingase zenzeke, ikakhulukazi kuwoyela osindayo noma uwoyela olahlwayo. I-viscosity yamafutha ivame ukwanda ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi okuvuthayo, okuholela ekungakwazini kokushisa ukushisa ngokugcwele, ngaleyo ndlela kungcolise isikhwama, kubangele uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezifana nokuvinjelwa nokuwohloka, okuthinta impilo yesevisi yesikhwama. , futhi akusizi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle komqoqi wothuli wesikhwama.
(2) Amandla okuhlanza isikhwama awanele. Emsebenzini ojwayelekile wokukhipha uthuli, izikhwama zokuqoqa uthuli kufanele zihlanzwe njalo ukuze kuvinjwe umehluko wengcindezi ukuthi ukhuphuke ngenxa yokungahlanzwa okwanele. Isibonelo, esimisweni sokuqala, ubude be-pulse obujwayelekile bungu-0.25s, isikhawu esivamile se-pulse yi-15s, futhi ukucindezela komoya okuvamile kufanele kulawulwe phakathi kuka-0.5 no-0.6Mpa, kuyilapho uhlelo olusha lusetha izikhathi ezi-3 ezihlukene ze-pulse ze-10s, i-15s. noma 20s. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanzwa okunganele kwezikhwama kuzothinta ngokuqondile umfutho we-pulse kanye nomjikelezo, okuholela ekugqokeni kwezikhwama, ukunciphisa impilo yesevisi yomqoqi wesikhwama sothuli, okuthinta ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwengxube ye-asphalt, nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinga lokwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu.
2. Uthuli luzophuma ngesikhathi sokuhlanza i-pulse esikhwameni.
(1) Ukuhlanzwa ngokweqile kwe-pulse yesikhwama. Ngenxa yokuhlanza ngokweqile uthuli ku-pulse yesikhwama, akulula ukwenza amabhlokhi othuli phezu kwesikhwama, okuthinta ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-pulse yesikhwama, okwenza umehluko wengcindezi yesikhwama uguquguquke futhi unciphise impilo yesevisi umqoqi wothuli lwesikhwama. Ukuhlanzwa kwe-pulse yesikhwama kufanele kwehliswe ngokufanelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umehluko wengcindezi uzinzile phakathi kuka-747 no-1245Pa.
(2) Isikhwama asishintshwa ngesikhathi futhi sesiguge kakhulu. Impilo yesevisi yesikhwama inomkhawulo. Kungase kube nezinkinga ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhwama ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ezithinta ukusebenza okuvamile komqoqi wothuli wesikhwama, njengokushisa ngokweqile, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ukugqoka isikhwama, njll. Ukuguga kwesikhwama kuzothinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi. yokwelashwa kokukhishwa kwegesi. Ngakho-ke, isikhwama kufanele sihlolwe njalo futhi isikhwama esikhulile kufanele sishintshwe ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuvamile komqoqi wothuli wesikhwama futhi kuthuthukise izinga layo lokusebenza.
3. Ukugqwala kwezikhwama.
(1) Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi nokusebenza kwezihlungi zezikhwama, njengesibabule kuphethiloli. Ukuhlushwa kwesulfure ngokweqile kuzogqwala kalula izikhwama zomqoqi wothuli, okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo kwezikhwama, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise impilo yesevisi yezihlungi zezikhwama. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lezihlungi zesikhwama kufanele lilawulwe ukuze ligweme ngokuphumelelayo ukufingqa kwamanzi kuzo, ngoba i-sulfur dioxide ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushiswa kukaphethiloli kanye namanzi ahlanganisiwe azokwakha i-sulfuric acid, okuholela ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric. acid kuphethiloli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphethiloli oqukethe ukugxila okuphansi kwesibabule nawo ungasetshenziswa ngokuqondile.
(2) Izinga lokushisa lezihlungi zesikhwama liphansi kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi izihlungi zesikhwama zizonciphisa kalula amanzi lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, futhi amanzi akhiwe azokwenza ukuthi izingxenye ezisezihlungi zesikhwama zigqwale, okubangela ukuguga okusheshayo komqoqi wothuli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye zokugqwala kwamakhemikhali ezisele ezihlungi zesikhwama zizoqina kakhulu ngenxa yamanzi ahlanganisiwe, zilimaza kakhulu izingxenye zezihlungi zesikhwama futhi zinciphise impilo yesevisi yezihlungi zesikhwama.

[3]. Gcina izinkinga ezivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesihlungi sesikhwama
1. Bhekana ngokuphumelelayo nezinto ezingcolisa i-hydrocarbon ezivame ukuvela esikhwameni. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa likaphethiloli liphansi kakhulu, uphethiloli awushiswa ngokuphelele, futhi kusele inani elikhulu lokungcola kwe-hydrocarbon, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwesihlungi sesikhwama. Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli kufanele ushiswe kahle ukuze wenze i-viscosity yayo ifinyelele ku-90SSU noma ngaphansi, bese kwenziwa isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuvutha.
2. Bhekana nenkinga yokungahlanzwa kwezikhwama okwanele. Ngenxa yokungahlanzeki okwanele kwesikhwama, umfutho we-pulse kanye nomjikelezo wesikhwama kuyaphambuka. Ngakho-ke, isikhawu se-pulse singancishiswa kuqala. Uma ingcindezi yomoya idinga ukunyuswa, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukucindezela komoya akudluli i-10Mpa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukugqokwa kwesikhwama nokwelula impilo yayo yesevisi.
3. Ukubhekana nenkinga yokuhlanza ngokweqile kwe-pulse yesikhwama. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlanzwa ngokweqile kwe-pulse kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwesihlungi sesikhwama, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ngesikhathi esifanele inani lokuhlanzwa kwe-pulse, ukunciphisa ukuqina kokuhlanza, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umehluko we-pulse pressure ulawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga le-747 ~ 1245Pa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukuphuma kothuli lwe-pulse yesikhwama.
4. Bhekana nenkinga yokuguga kwesikhwama ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngenxa yokuthi izikhwama zithinteka kalula ukungcola kwamakhemikhali asele, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza lizosheshisa ukuguga kwezikhwama zokuqoqa uthuli, izikhwama kufanele zihlolwe ngokuqinile futhi zilungiswe njalo, futhi zishintshwe ngesikhathi lapho kunesidingo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwesikhwama. izikhwama zokuqoqa uthuli.
5. Lawula ngokuphumelelayo ukugxila kwezakhi zamakhemikhali zikaphethiloli ezikhwameni. Ukugxila ngokweqile kwezingxenye zamakhemikhali kuzobangela ngokuqondile inani elikhulu lokugqwala kwezikhwama futhi kusheshise ukuguga kwezingxenye zesikhwama. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ukwanda kokuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuphumelelayo ukufiphala kwamanzi futhi usebenze ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa lomqoqi wothuli wesikhwama.
6. Bhekana nenkinga yokudideka kugeji yokucindezela okuhlukile emqoqweni wothuli wesikhwama. Ngenxa yokuthi kuvame ukuba nomswakama epayipini lokucindezela okuhlukile emqoqweni wothuli wesikhwama, ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuza, ipayipi lokucindezela elihlukanisayo ledivayisi yokuhlanza indle yasekhaya kufanele livikelwe futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe ipayipi lokucindezela eliqinile nelinokwethenjelwa.