[1]. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza yezitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt
1. I-mix ratio ye-asphalt concrete ayilungile
Isilinganiso sengxube yengxube ye-asphalt sihamba kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakhiwa kwendawo yomgwaqo, ngakho ukuxhumana kwesayensi phakathi kwesilinganiso sayo sokuxuba kanye nesilinganiso sokuxuba kokukhiqiza kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekwakhiweni. Isilinganiso esingenangqondo sokuxuba ukukhiqizwa kwengxube ye-asphalt sizoholela ku-asphalt ukhonkolo awufanelekile, othinta impilo yesevisi ye-asphalt ukhonkolo ogandaywe kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko zokuhamba nge-asphalt ukhonkolo.
2. Izinga lokushisa lokukhipha ukhonkolo lwe-asphalt alizinzile
"Izicaciso Zobuchwepheshe Zokwakhiwa Kwe-asphalt Pavement Yomgwaqo Omkhulu" ibeka ngokucacile ukuthi ezitshalweni zokuxuba itiyela ngezikhathi ezithile, izinga lokushisa lokushisisa letiyela kufanele lilawulwe phakathi kwebanga elingu-150-170°C, futhi izinga lokushisa lengqikithi kufanele libe ngu-10-10% ephakeme kunezinga lokushisa le-asphalt. -20 ℃, izinga lokushisa lasefekthri lenhlanganisela ngokuvamile liyi-140 kuya ku-165 ℃. Uma izinga lokushisa lingafinyeleli izinga, izimbali zizovela, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-asphalt izoshisa, ithinte kakhulu ikhwalithi yomgwaqo nokugoqa.
3. Ukuxuba ingxube
Ngaphambi kokuxuba izinto, imodeli ye-boiler kanye nemingcele kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile emishini yokuxuba kanye nezinto ezisekelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izindawo eziguqukayo zisesimweni esihle sokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini yokulinganisa kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inani le-asphalt nama-aggregates engxubeni lihlangabezana nezidingo "Zokucaciswa Kwezobuchwepheshe". Imishini yokukhiqiza yesitshalo sokuxuba kufanele ibekwe endaweni evulekile enezimo zokuthutha ezilula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini yokuvimbela amanzi yesikhashana, ukuvikelwa kwemvula, ukuvimbela umlilo kanye nezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha kufanele kulungiswe kusayithi. Ngemuva kokuthi ingxube ixutshwe ngokulinganayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi zonke izinhlayiya zamaminerali kufanele zigoqwe nge-asphalt, futhi akufanele kube khona ukugoqa okungalingani, akukho ndaba emhlophe, akukho agglomeration noma ukuhlukaniswa. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuxuba sengxube ye-asphalt yimizuzwana emi-5 kuya kwezingu-10 zokuxuba okomile kanye nemizuzwana engama-45 yokuxuba okumanzi, futhi isikhathi sokuxuba sengxube ye-SMA kufanele sandiswe ngokufanele. Isikhathi sokuxuba sengxube asikwazi ukuncishiswa nje ukwandisa umkhiqizo.

[2]. Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphutha avamile ezitshalweni zokuxuba ukhonkolo we-asphalt
1. Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kwethuluzi lokuphakela impahla ebandayo
Ukuthi injini yebhande lejubane eliguquguqukayo noma ibhande lezinto ezibandayo libambeke ngaphansi kokuthile, lizoba nomthelela ekuvaleni kwesixhumi esishintshashintshayo sebhande lejubane. Uma isifunda sesiguquli sebhande lesivinini esishintshayo sihluleka, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwesiguquli sefrikhwensi kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi singakwazi yini ukusebenza. Ngokujwayelekile, uma ungekho umjikelezo omfushane, ibhande lokuhambisa kufanele lihlolwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi liyachezuka noma liyashelela. Uma kuyinkinga ngebhande lokuthutha, kufanele lilungiswe ngokushesha futhi ngokunengqondo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile komsebenzi.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga ze-mixer
Izinkinga ze-mixer zibonakaliswa ngokuyinhloko ngomsindo ongavamile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele siqale sicabangele ukuthi ubakaki wemoto awuzinzile yini ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-mixer. Kwesinye isimo, kufanele sicabangele ukuthi ama-bearings adlala indima ethile angalimala yini. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi abasebenzi bahlole ngokuphelele, balungise ama-bearings, futhi bashintshe izingxenye zokuxuba ezilimele kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze kuvinjwe indawo engalingani yengxube.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zezinzwa
Kunezimo ezimbili lapho kunezinkinga ngenzwa. Esinye isimo lapho inani lokulayisha le-silo lingalungile. Ngalesi sikhathi, inzwa idinga ukuhlolwa. Uma inzwa ihluleka, kufanele ishintshwe ngesikhathi. Esinye isimo yilapho ugongolo lwesikali lubhajwe. Uma kunenkinga ngenzwa, ngidinga ukususa udaba lwangaphandle ngokushesha.
4. Isishisi asikwazi ukuvutha futhi sishise ngokujwayelekile.
Ngenkinga isishisi esingakwazi ukuyibasa ngokujwayelekile lapho umkhiqizo ushisisa, u-opharetha udinga ukusebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo ukuze axazulule inkinga: ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwegumbi lokuhlinza kanye nedivayisi yokushisela ngayinye, njengokuphakelwa kwamandla kwebhande lokudlulisela, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, i-roller, ifeni nezinye izakhi Hlola ngokuningiliziwe, bese uhlola indawo ye-valve evuthayo yesiphephetha-moya, hlola isimo somnyango womoya obandayo, ukuvuleka nokuvala kwesicabha sesifeni, isimo sesigubhu esomisayo. kanye nesimo sokucindezela kwangaphakathi, noma ngabe ithuluzi likumodi yegiya elenziwa ngesandla, futhi zonke izinkomba zifanelekile. Esimweni, faka isinyathelo sesibili sokuhlola: hlola ukuthi isifunda samafutha sicacile, ukuthi idivayisi yokushiswa ijwayelekile yini, nokuthi iphakethe le-high-voltage lonakalisiwe. Uma inkinga ingatholakali, hamba esinyathelweni sesithathu bese ususa i-electrode yokushisa umlilo. Khipha idivayisi bese uhlola ukuhlanzeka kwayo, kuhlanganise nokuthi isifunda samafutha sivinjwe ukungcola kwamafutha nokuthi kukhona yini ibanga eliphumelelayo phakathi kwama-electrode. Uma ukuhlolwa okungenhla kujwayelekile, khona-ke udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwesimo sokusebenza sephampu yamafutha. Hlola futhi uhlole ukuthi ingcindezi embobeni yepompo iyahlangabezana yini nezimo ezijwayelekile.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kokusebenza kokucindezela okungalungile okungavamile
Izici ezinomthelela ekucindezelweni kwangaphakathi kwesiphephetha ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa izici ezimbili: isiphephetha kanye nefeni yokusalungiswa ekhangisiwe. Lapho isiphephetha sikhiqiza ingcindezi eyakhayo esigubhuni, okusalungiswa okuyengiwe kuzokhiqiza ingcindezi engalungile esigubhuni, futhi ukucindezela okungekuhle okukhiqizwayo ngeke kube kukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho uthuli luzondiza luphume ezinhlangothini ezine zesigubhu futhi luthinte indawo ezungezile.
Uma kwenzeka ingcindezi embi esigubhuni esomisayo, abasebenzi kufanele benze le misebenzi elandelayo: Ukuze kunqunywe ukusebenza kwe-damper, i-air inlet ye-draft fan fan kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile. Uma i-damper inganyakazi, ungayisetha ukuthi isebenze ngesandla, ulungise i-damper endaweni yesondo lesandla, uhlole ukuthi isebenza ngokujwayelekile yini, futhi ususe isimo sokuthi ibambekile. Uma ingavulwa mathupha, landela izinyathelo Yenza uphenyo oluningiliziwe lwezinqubo ezifanele. Okwesibili, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi i-damper ye-fan yokusalungiswa eyenziwe ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, abasebenzi badinga ukuhlola okuningiliziwe kwebhodi le-pulse, bahlole ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini imibuzo mayelana ne-wiring yayo noma i-electromagnetic switch, bathole imbangela yengozi, futhi sikuxazulule ngokwesayensi ngesikhathi esifanele.
6. Ukuhlaziywa kwesilinganiso esingafanele samafutha namatshe
Isilinganiso se-whetstone sibhekisela esilinganisweni esikhulu se-asphalt nesihlabathi nezinye izigcwalisi kukhonkolo ye-asphalt. Kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokulawula ikhwalithi yekhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Uma isilinganiso samafutha netshe sikhulu kakhulu, sizobangela ukuthi "ikhekhe lamafutha" livele ngemva kokugandaya nokugingqika. Kodwa-ke, uma isilinganiso sikawoyela netshe lincane kakhulu, izinto zikakhonkolo zizohlukana, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokugingqika. Zombili lezi zimo ziyizingozi ezibucayi.
7. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkinga yesikrini
Inkinga enkulu ngesikrini ukuvela kwezimbobo esikrinini, okuzokwenza ukuthi ama-aggregates avela ezingeni langaphambilini afake i-silo yezinga elilandelayo. Ingxube kufanele ithathwe ukuze ikhishwe futhi ihlolwe. Uma i-whetstone yenhlanganisela inkulu ngokuqhathaniswa, , isenzakalo sekhekhe lamafutha sizokwenzeka ngemva kokugandaywa nokugingqa indawo yomgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, uma zonke izikhathi zesikhathi noma okungavamile kwenzeka kudatha yokukhipha neyokuhlola, kufanele ucabangele ukuhlola isikrini.

[3]. Ukugcinwa kwesitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo se-asphalt
1. Ukugcinwa kwamathangi
Ithangi lezitshalo ze-asphalt liyithuluzi elibalulekile lesitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo futhi lingaphansi kokuguga okukhulu. Imvamisa, amapuleti othango, izingalo ezixubekile, izindwani kanye nezigxivizo zeminyango ye-asphalt yokuxuba kufanele zilungiswe futhi zishintshwe ngesikhathi ngokuya ngezimo zokuguga, futhi ngemuva kokuxuba ukhonkolo ngakunye, ithangi kufanele ligezwe ngesikhathi ukuze kuhlanzwe ukuxubana. isitshalo. Ukhonkolo osele ethangini kanye nokhonkolo oxhunywe emnyango wempahla kufanele kugezwe kahle ukuvimbela ukhonkolo ethangini ukuthi ungaqini. Futhi hlola njalo ukuthi umnyango wempahla uyavuleka futhi uvaleke kalula yini ukuze ugweme ukuminyana komnyango wezinto ezibonakalayo. Lapho unakekela ithangi, ukunikezwa kwamandla kufanele kunqanyulwe, futhi umuntu ozinikele kufanele abelwe ukunakekela ngokucophelela. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa ngakunye, qiniseka ukuthi azikho izinto zangaphandle ethangini, futhi gwema ukuqala injini enkulu ngomthwalo.
2. Ukugcinwa komkhawulo wokushaywa unhlangothi
Imikhawulo yesitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo we-asphalt ihlanganisa umkhawulo ophezulu, umkhawulo ophansi, umkhawulo womkhawulo kanye ne-circuit breaker, njll. Phakathi nomsebenzi, ukuzwela nokuthembeka kokushintshwa komkhawulo ngamunye kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela njalo. Okuqukethwe kokuhlola kufaka phakathi ukuthi izingxenye zesekethe yokulawula, amajoyinti kanye nezintambo zisesimweni esihle yini, nokuthi amasekethe ajwayelekile yini. Lokhu kuzoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni okuphephile kwesitshalo sokuxuba.

[4]. Izindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi zokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt
1. I-aggregate eqinile idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kukhonkolo ye-asphalt. Ngokuvamile, i-gravel enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingu-2.36 kuya ku-25mm ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-coarse aggregate. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lukakhonkolo ukuze kuqiniswe i-granular material, ukwandisa ukungqubuzana kwayo nokunciphisa izici ezithonyayo zokufuduka. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukwakheka kwemishini yeqoqo elimahhadlahhadla likwazi ukuhambisana nezidingo zalo emkhakheni wezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wezobuchwepheshe. idinga futhi ibe nezimpawu ezibonakalayo ezithile, ezifana nokusebenza komzimba okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuminyana kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezici ezithonya amandla. Ngemuva kokuthi i-aggregate e-coarse ichotshoziwe, ubuso kufanele buhlale buqinile, futhi ukuma komzimba kufanele kube i-cube enemiphetho ecacile namakhona, lapho Okuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya ezinezinaliti kufanele kugcinwe ezingeni eliphansi, futhi ukungqubuzana ngaphakathi kunamandla uma kuqhathaniswa. Amatshe agxotshiwe anosayizi bezinhlayiyana ezisukela cishe ku-0.075 kuya ku-2.36mm ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi ama-aggregate amahle, ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-slag ne-mineral powder. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlanganisa okuhle zinezidingo eziqinile zokuhlanza futhi azivunyelwe ukunamathiselwa noma ukunamathela kunoma yini. Kuzinto eziyingozi, amandla ahlanganayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya kufanele aqiniswe ngokufanelekile, futhi izikhala phakathi kwama-aggregate kufanele futhi zicindezelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza namandla wento.
2. Uma ingxube ixubene, ukuxuba kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nokushisa kokwakhiwa okucaciswe ingxube ye-asphalt. Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqalwe ukuxutshwa kwengxube nsuku zonke, izinga lokushisa kufanele lenyuswe ngokufanelekile ngo-10°C kuya ku-20°C ngesisekelo salokhu kushisa. Ngale ndlela, ukuxuba kwe-asphalt Izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo lizuzisa kakhulu. Enye indlela ukunciphisa ngokufanelekile inani le-aggregate engena emgqonyeni wokomisa, ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lomlilo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi lapho uqala ukuxuba, izinga lokushisa lokushisa lama-aggregate ama-coarse kanye nama-aggregates amahle kanye ne-asphalt liphakeme kancane kunenani elishiwo. ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ipani lokuxuba ukhonkolo lwe-asphalt ukuthi lingalahlwa.
3. Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe umsebenzi wokwakha, ukubuyekezwa kokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe kufanele kwenziwe kuqala. Le nqubo yokubuyekeza ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokwakha yephrojekthi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kuvame ukuba nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwengxenye yangempela kanye nengxenye okuhlosiwe. Ukuze wenze kangcono isilinganiso sangempela sihambisane nengxenye eqondiwe, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinguquko ezinhle ngokuya ngesivinini sokujikeleza kwemoto ye-hopper kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza kokuphakelayo. , ukuqinisekisa kangcono ukuvumelana futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe kangcono umphumela ofanayo.
4. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo wokuhlola wesikrini uthinta ukulungiselelwa kokukhishwa kwesigamu kanye nephansi ngokwezinga elithile. Endabeni yolwazi oluncane, uma ufuna ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuhlolweni kwesikrini, kufanele usethe izivinini ezihlukene zokuphuma. ukufeza. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwe-geotextiles futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi alikho iphutha elikhulu ekufakweni kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi, izinto zamaminerali kufanele zilinganiswe ngokuvumelana nomphumela olindelekile ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, futhi imingcele yokukhiqiza kufanele ilinganiswe nemingcele emisiwe. , ukuze ingashintshi phakathi nenqubo yokwakha.
5. Ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwengxube ye-asphalt, kuyadingeka ukusetha inani langempela lokusetshenziswa kwama-aggregate athile kanye ne-mineral powder, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuncishiswe ngokufanelekile inani lokusetshenziswa kwe-mineral powder; okwesibili, qaphela ukungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwenqubo yokwakha. Shintsha usayizi we-damper, futhi unikeze izisebenzi ezichwepheshile ukuthi zihlole njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukujiya kolwelwesi lwetiyela kuyahlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha, kuvimbele ingxube ekuboniseni umbala omhlophe, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokwakha.
6. Isikhathi sokuxuba kanye nokushisa kokuxuba kwengxube kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile. Ukufana kwengxube ye-asphalt kunobudlelwane obuseduze kakhulu nobude besikhathi sokuxuba. Zombili zilingana ngokuqondile, okungukuthi, uma isikhathi eside, sizofana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma isikhathi singalawulwa kahle, i-asphalt izoguga, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yengxube. kuthinte kabi izinga. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokwesayensi ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Isikhathi sokuxuba sepuleti ngayinye yemishini yokuxuba ephakathi silawulwa phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-45-50, kuyilapho isikhathi sokuxuba esomile kufanele sibe ngaphezu kwamasekhondi angu-5-10, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokuxuba sengxube. Govuza ngokulinganayo njengokujwayelekile.
Ngamafuphi, njengabasebenzi bezitshalo zokuxuba enkathini entsha, kufanele sikuqaphele ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kokuqinisa ikhwalithi nokugcinwa kwemishini yokuxuba i-asphalt. Kuphela ngokulawula ikhwalithi yezitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt kahle singakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuxuba kwe-asphalt Ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza izitshalo ze-mix kuphela singakwazi ukukhiqiza izingxube ze-asphalt ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisebenzayo, sibeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi.