1. Izinyathelo zokuqapha zokusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemishini yokuxuba i-asphalt
Izingozi zobuchwepheshe ikakhulukazi zibhekisela ezingozini ezingase zilethwe kuphrojekthi ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ekuthembekeni nasekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obumukelwe iphrojekthi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha. Ubuchwepheshe nezinto zokusebenza ezikhethiwe zivuthiwe futhi zithembekile, futhi izinkontileka zisayinwa nezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe nemishini ukuze kudluliswe ubungozi.
2. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi
Njengamanje, imakethe yemishini yokuxuba itiyela yezwe lami isesikhathini sokukhula, futhi kunenzuzo ethile evela ekutshalweni kwezimali, kodwa amalungiselelo ahambisanayo kufanele enziwe ngaphambi kokutshala imali:
(1). Yenza ucwaningo lokuqala futhi ungalandeli ngokungaboni. Imishini yokuxuba i-asphalt inezidingo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini ephezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele uphenye ngokucophelela.
(2). Impahla kumele isetshenziswe kahle. Uma ungajwayele ukusebenza kwemishini, kuzoba nezinkinga eziningi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
(3). Ukuthengiswa kweziteshi kufanele kwenziwe kahle. Uma umkhiqizo ukhiqizwa futhi ingekho imakethe, umkhiqizo uzoba nenkinga.
3. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhiqiza nokuthuthukiswa
Lapho uthuthukisa futhi ukhiqiza imishini yokuxuba i-asphalt, izindaba zamandla namandla kufanele zibhekwe. Ekwakhiweni komgwaqo we-asphalt wasemadolobheni, njengoba isiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt silinganiselwe, ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nogesi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-transformer. Ngenxa yokuhamba okuphezulu kokwakhiwa, izinkampani zokwakha umgwaqo omkhulu zivame ukusebenzisa amasethi ejeneretha edizili njengamandla kagesi. Ukukhetha isethi yejeneretha yedizili akukwazi nje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakhiwa kweselula, kodwa futhi konga izindleko zokuthenga nokumisa ama-transformer nemigqa kanye nokukhokha imali yokwandisa umthamo we-transformer. Indlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa amasethi ejeneretha kadizili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile, okuphephile nokonga kwemishini yokuxuba itiyela kuyindaba okufanele abatshalizimali abathuthukisile bayifunde ngokujulile.
(1). Ukukhetha amasethi generator diesel
Isethi yejeneretha yedizili isebenzisa isistimu yezintambo ezine ezinezigaba ezintathu ukuze inikeze amandla, ihlinzeka ngama-voltages amabili angu-380/220 ngezidingo ezahlukene.
Linganisela inani eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kukagesi esiteshini sokuxuba i-asphalt, khetha isethi ye-kVA yejeneretha noma i-transformer, ubale isilinganiso samanje lapho ucabangela amandla nokukhanyisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, bese ukhetha izintambo. Lapho uthenga imishini yokuxuba i-asphalt, kusukela egunjini lokulawula eliphakathi kuya kulayini wemishini kagesi ngayinye ngokuhlinzekwa kokuzikhethela kwe-Factory. Izintambo ezisuka ekunikezeni amandla kuya egumbini lokulawula eliphakathi zikhethwa yinkampani yokwakha umgwaqo omkhulu ngokusekelwe ezimeni zesayithi. Ubude bekhebula, okungukuthi, ibanga ukusuka ku-generator kuya ekamelweni lokulawula eliphakathi, kungcono ngamamitha angu-50. Uma ulayini umude kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa kuzoba kukhulu, futhi uma ulayini umfushane kakhulu, umsindo we-generator nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kuyoba yingozi ekusebenzeni kwegumbi lokulawula eliphakathi. Izintambo zingcwatshwe emiseleni yekhebula, elula, ephephile futhi enokwethenjelwa.
(2). Ukusetshenziswa kwamasethi ejeneretha yedizili njengamandla kagesi eziteshini zokuxuba itiyela
1) Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuvela kusethi yejeneretha eyodwa
Ngokomthamo wokukhiqiza wesiteshi sokuxuba itiyela, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphelele kuyalinganiselwa futhi isimo sebhizinisi lokwakha umgwaqo omkhulu singahlinzekwa ngogesi ngesethi yejeneretha yedizili. Lesi sixazululo sifanelekile izitshalo ezincane zokuxuba i-asphalt njengemishini yokuxuba i-asphalt eqhubekayo enamandla okukhiqiza angaphansi kwama-40.
2) Amasethi e-generator amaningi anikezela amandla ngokuhlukana
Isibonelo, umshini we-Xinhai Road Machine 1000 wokuxuba itiyela unamandla afakiwe angu-240LB. Isethi yejeneretha yedizili engama-200 isetshenziselwa ukushayela ifeni ewuhlaka efakiwe kanye ne-trolley motor eqediwe, futhi isethi yejeneretha yedizili isetshenziselwa ukushayela izinjini zezinye izingxenye zokusebenza, izibani nezinjini zokususa imiphongolo yetiyela. Inzuzo yalesi sixazululo ukuthi ilula futhi iguquguqukayo futhi ifanele imishini yokuxuba i-asphalt ephakathi; okubi ukuthi umthwalo ophelele we-generator awukwazi ukulungiswa.
3) Amasethi amabili ejeneretha edizili asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana
Isitshalo esikhulu sokuxuba itiyela sisebenzisa amasethi amabili ejeneretha ngokuhambisana. Njengoba umthwalo ungalungiswa, lesi sixazululo singokonga, silula futhi sithembekile. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kwesikhungo sokuxuba itiyela sohlobo lwe-3000 kungu-785 MkW, futhi amasethi amabili akhiqiza udizili angama-404 asebenza ngokuhambisana. Lapho amasethi amabili kadizili we-SZkW esebenza ngokufana ukuze anikeze amandla, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezilandelayo:
(a) Izimo ezihambisanayo zamasethi amabili akhiqiza udizili: imvamisa yamajeneretha amabili ayafana, amandla kagesi amajeneretha amabili ayafana, ukulandelana kwesigaba samajeneretha amabili kuyefana futhi izigaba aziguquki.
(b) Indlela ehambisanayo nezibani ezicishiwe. Le ndlela ehambisanayo inemishini elula nokusebenza okunembile nokulula.
(3). Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhetha nokusebenzisa ijeneretha yedizili
I-1) Isiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt kufanele sifakwe i-generator encane ye-diesel ekhethekile ukuze inikeze ukukhishwa kwemiphongolo ye-asphalt, ukushisa kwe-asphalt, i-heater kagesi kanye nokukhanyisa lapho imishini yokuxuba i-asphalt ingasebenzi.
2). Isiqalo samanje se-motor izikhathi ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-7 zamanje ezilinganiselwe. Lapho umshini wokuxuba itiyela uqala ukusebenza, kufanele kuqalwe ngenjini enamandla amakhulu akalwe kuqala, njengemoto eyi-3000 yohlobo 185 eyenzelwe uhlaka lwabalandeli.
3) Uma ukhetha isethi yejeneretha yedizili, kufanele kukhethwe uhlobo lomugqa omude. Okusho ukuthi, inganikeza amandla ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukene ngaphandle kokuhlomisa amandla okuhweba, futhi ivumela ukugcwala okungaphezu kuka-10%. Uma isetshenziswa ngokufana, amamodeli amajeneretha amabili kufanele ahambisane ngangokunokwenzeka. Isilawuli sesivinini senjini ye-diesel kufanele kube isilawuli sesivinini se-elekthronikhi, futhi ikhabhinethi ehambisanayo kufanele ilungiswe ngokuya ngesilinganiso esibaliwe sejeneretha.
4) Isisekelo sesisekelo sejeneretha kufanele sibe nezinga futhi siqine, futhi igumbi lomshini kufanele lingenwe yimvula futhi libe nomoya omuhle ukuze izinga lokushisa legumbi lomshini lingadluli izinga lokushisa elivumelekile legumbi.
4. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuthengisa
Ngokohlaziyo lwezibalo, kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2009, amabhizinisi okwakha umgwaqo omkhulu naphakathi nendawo aguqulwa abe amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi. Ingxenye enkulu yabo ngabasebenzisi besistimu kamasipala kanye namabhizinisi okwakhiwa komgwaqo onguthelawayeka wesifunda adinga ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini. Ngakho-ke, ukuthengisa kufanele kuthuthukise amasu okuthengisa ahlukene ezinhlaka ezahlukene zabasebenzisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo semishini yokuxuba i-asphalt ezifundeni ezihlukene sihlukile. Isibonelo, iShanxi iyisifundazwe esikhulu esikhiqiza amalahle futhi inesidingo esikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa semishini yokuxuba itiyela elincane neliphakathi nendawo; kuyilapho kwezinye izifundazwe namadolobha athuthukile kwezomnotho, imigwaqo ingene esigabeni sokulungiswa, futhi isidingo semishini yokuxuba i-asphalt ephezulu siphezulu kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi bokuthengisa kufanele bahlaziye imakethe esifundeni ngasinye futhi benze izinhlelo zokuthengisa ezifanele ukuze bathole indawo emqhudelwaneni wemakethe oshubile.
