[1] Izifo ezivamile ze-asphalt pavement
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zomonakalo wakuqala endaweni egandaywe yitiyela: amaruthi, imifantu, nemigodi. Lezi zifo zivame kakhulu futhi zibucayi, futhi zingenye yezinkinga ezijwayelekile zekhwalithi yamaphrojekthi womgwaqo omkhulu.
1.1 URut
Ama-Ruts abhekisela emiseleni emise okwebhande longitudinal ekhiqizwe eduze kwamathrekhi amasondo endaweni yomgwaqo, ngokujula okungaphezu kuka-1.5cm. I-Rutting iyi-groove emise okwebhendi eyakhiwe ukunqwabelana kokuguqulwa okuhlala njalo endaweni yomgwaqo ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokushayela ephindaphindiwe. Rutting kunciphisa ukushelela komgwaqo. Lapho ama-ruts efika ekujuleni okuthile, ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwamanzi emigwaqweni, izimoto zivame ukushibilika futhi zidale izingozi zomgwaqo. I-Rutting ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuklama okungenangqondo kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kwezimoto.
1.2 Imifantu
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuqhekeka: ukuqhekeka kwe-longitudinal, ukuqhekeka okuphambene nokuqhekeka kwenethiwekhi. Imifantu iyenzeka endaweni egandaywe yitiyela, ibangele ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi ilimaza ungqimba olungaphezulu kanye nongqimba lwesisekelo.
1.3 Umgodi kanye nomsele
Imigodi iyisifo esivamile sokuqala sokuhamba ngetiyela, okubhekisela ekulimaleni kwendlela egandayiwe emigodini enokujula okungaphezu kuka-2cm kanye nendawo engaphezu kuka-0.04㎡. Imigodi kwakheka ikakhulukazi lapho ukulungiswa kwezimoto noma uwoyela wemoto ungena emgwaqeni. Ukungcola kubangela ukuba ingxube yetiyela ixege, futhi kancane kancane imigodi yakheka ngokushayela nokugingqika.
1.4 Ukucwecwa
Ukuxebuka kwe-asphalt kubhekisela ekuxetshulweni okunengqimba okusuka endaweni egandayiwe, nendawo engaphezu kuka-0.1 square metres. Imbangela enkulu yokuxebuka kwendlela egandaywe yitiyela ukulimala kwamanzi.
1.5 khulula
Ukuxega kokugandaywa kwetiyela kubhekisela ekulahlekeni kwamandla okubopha i-aggregate kanye nokuxegiswa kwama-aggregate, nendawo engaphezu kuka-0.1 square metres.

[2] Izinyathelo zokunakekelwa kwezifo ezivamile ze-asphalt pavement
Ezifweni ezenzeka ekuqaleni kwe-asphalt pavement, kufanele senze umsebenzi wokulungisa kusenesikhathi, ukuze sinciphise umthelela wesifo ekuphepheni kokushayela kwe-asphalt pavement.
2.1 Ukulungiswa kwama-ruts
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokulungisa imigwaqo ye-asphalt yilezi ezilandelayo:
2.1.1 Uma umzila womzila ugqwalile ngenxa yokuhamba kwezimoto. Izindawo eziboshiwe kufanele zisuswe ngokusikwa noma ngokugaywa, bese kuthi i-asphalt ivuswe kabusha. Bese usebenzisa ingxube ye-asphalt mastic gravel (SMA) noma ingxube eyodwa ye-asphalt eshintshiwe ye-SBS, noma ingxube ye-asphalt eguquliwe ye-polyethylene ukuze ulungise ama-ruts.
2.1.2 Uma indawo yomgwaqo iphushwa ibheke ngaseceleni bese yenza izintambo zikathayela ongemuva, uma uzinzile, izingxenye eziphumile zinganqanyulwa, izingxenye zomkhombe zifuthwe noma zipendwe ngetiyela elihlanganisiwe futhi zigcwaliswe ngengxube yetiyela, zilinganiswe, futhi kuhlangene.
2.1.3 Uma ukurutha kubangelwa ukuncipha kancane kwesendlalelo sesisekelo ngenxa yamandla anganele kanye nokungaqini kahle kwamanzi kwesendlalelo sesisekelo, ungqimba oluyisisekelo kufanele luphathwe kuqala. Susa ngokuphelele isendlalelo esingaphezulu nesendlalelo sesisekelo
2.2 Ukulungiswa kwemifantu
Ngemva kokuqhekeka kwe-asphalt pavement kwenzeka, uma konke noma okuningi kwemifantu emincane kungaphulukiswa ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu, akukho ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Uma kunemifantu emincane engakwazi ukuphulukiswa phakathi nenkathi yokushisa ephezulu, kufanele ilungiswe kusenesikhathi ukuze kulawulwe ukunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwemifantu, kuvinjwe ukulimala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi komgwaqo, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa komgwaqo onguthelawayeka. Ngokufanayo, lapho kulungiswa imifantu ku-asphalt pavement, imisebenzi yenqubo eqinile kanye nezidingo zokucaciswa kufanele kulandelwe.
2.2.1 Indlela yokulungisa ukugcwalisa uwoyela. Ebusika, hlanza imifantu eqondile nevundlile, sebenzisa igesi eliwuketshezi ukushisa izindonga zokuqhekeka zibe yisimo se-viscous, bese ufafaza itiyela noma udaka lwe-asphalt (i-asphalt e-emulsified kufanele ifuthwe ngezinkathi zokushisa eziphansi nezinomswakama) emifantwini, bese isakazwa. ngokulinganayo Ivikele ngongqimba lwamatshe amatshe ahlanzekile omile noma isihlabathi esimahhadla 2 kuya ku-5 mm, futhi ekugcineni usebenzise i-roller elula ukuchoboza izinto zamaminerali. Uma kuwukuqhekeka okuncane, kufanele kunwetshwe kusengaphambili nge-disc milling cutter, bese icutshungulwa ngokwendlela engenhla, futhi inani elincane le-asphalt elihambisana nokuvumelana okuphansi kufanele lisetshenziswe eduze nokuqhekeka.
2.2.2 Lungisa umgwaqo wetiyela oqhekekile. Phakathi nokwakhiwa, qala ngokushifa imifantu emidala ukuze kwakheke umsele omise okwe-V; bese usebenzisa i-compressor yomoya ukuze ukhiphe izingxenye ezixekethile kanye nothuli nezinye izinsalela ngaphakathi naseduze kwe-groove efana ne-V, bese usebenzisa isibhamu se-extrusion ukuxuba okuxubene ngokulinganayo Into yokulungisa ithululelwa emfantwini ukuze uyigcwalise. Ngemva kokuba impahla yokulungisa iqina, izovulelwa ithrafikhi cishe ngosuku. Ukwengeza, uma kunemifantu engathi sína ngenxa yamandla anganele esisekelo senhlabathi noma isendlalelo sesisekelo noma i-roadbed slurry, ungqimba oluyisisekelo kufanele luphathwe kuqala bese ungqimba olungaphezulu kufanele lusetshenzwe kabusha.
2.3 Ukunakekelwa kwemigodi
2.3.1 Indlela yokunakekela lapho ungqimba oluyisisekelo lomgwaqo luqinile futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu kuphela olunemigodi. Ngokusho kwesimiso "sokulungiswa kwesikwele sembobo eyindilinga", dweba uhlaka lokulungisa i-pothole parallel noma perpendicular to the center line of the road. Yenza ngokuvumelana nonxande noma isikwele. Sika i-pothole engxenyeni ezinzile. Sebenzisa i-compressor yomoya ukuze uhlanze iphansi le-groove kanye ne-groove. Hlanza uthuli nezingxenye ezixekethile zodonga, bese ufafaza ungqimba oluncane lwetiyela eliboshiwe phansi ethangini elihlanzekile; udonga lwethangi bese lugcwaliswa ngengxube ye-asphalt elungiselelwe. Bese uyigoqa nge-roller yesandla, uqinisekisa ukuthi amandla okuhlanganisa asebenza ngokuqondile engxubeni ye-asphalt egandayiwe. Ngale ndlela, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, njll ngeke kwenzeke.
2.3.1 Lungisa ngendlela eshisayo yokuchibiyela. Imoto yokulungisa okushisayo isetshenziselwa ukushisisa indawo yomgwaqo egodini ngepuleti lokushisisa, ukukhulula ungqimba olugandayiwe olushisayo noluthambile, ukufafaza itiyela elifakwe emulsified, ukwengeza ingxube entsha yetiyela, bese uyanyakaza futhi uyigandayize, bese uyihlanganisa ngerola yomgwaqo.
2.3.3 Uma ungqimba oluyisisekelo lonakele ngenxa yamandla endawo anganele futhi kwakhiwa imigodi, ungqimba olungaphezulu kanye nesisekelo kufanele kumbiwe ngokuphelele.
2.4 Ukulungiswa kokucwecwa
2.4.1 Ngenxa yokungahlangani kahle phakathi kongqimba olungaphezulu lwetiyela kanye nongqimba olungaphezulu lokuvala, noma ukuxebuka okubangelwa ukungalungiswa kahle kokuqala, izingxenye ezihlutshiwe nezixegekile kufanele zikhishwe, bese ungqimba olungaphezulu lokuvala kufanele lwenziwe kabusha. Inani le-asphalt elisetshenziswe ongqimbeni lokuvala kufanele libe Futhi ukucaciswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto ezimbiwa phansi kufanele kuncike ekugqineni kongqimba lokuvala.
2.4.2 Uma ukuxetshulwa kwenzeka phakathi kwezingqimba ze-asphalt, izingxenye ezicwecwayo nezixekethile kufanele zisuswe, indawo engaphansi ye-asphalt kufanele ipende nge-asphalt eboshiwe, futhi ungqimba lwe-asphalt kufanele lwenziwe kabusha.
2.4.3 Uma ukuxebuka kwenzeka ngenxa yokungahlangani kahle phakathi kongqimba olungaphezulu kanye nesisekelo, ungqimba oluxebukayo noluxegayo kufanele lususwe kuqala bese kuhlaziywa imbangela yokungahlangani kahle.
2.5 Ukunakekelwa okuxekethile
2.5.1 Uma kukhona umgodi omncane ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto zokukhahlela, lapho ungqimba olungaphezulu lwetiyela lungaqedwa uwoyela, izinto ezifanele zokubhoboza zingafafazwa ngezinkathi zokushisa okuphezulu futhi zishanelwe ngokulinganayo ngomshanelo ukuze kugcwaliswe izikhala etsheni. nge-caulking material.
2.5.2 Ezindaweni ezinkulu zezindawo ezimakiwe, fafaza itiyela elinokungaguquguquki okuphezulu futhi ufafaze izinto zokukhahlela ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele. Impahla ye-caulking emaphakathi nendawo efakwe uphawu kufanele ibe ukuqina kancane, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo esizungezile esinomgwaqo wangempela kufanele sibe mncane futhi simise kahle. Futhi igingqike ibe yisimo.
2.5.3 Indawo yomgwaqo iyaxega ngenxa yokunganamatheli kahle phakathi kwetiyela namatshe aneasidi. Zonke izingxenye ezixekethile kufanele zimbiwe bese kuthi ungqimba olungaphezulu lwenziwe kabusha. Amatshe ane-Acidic akufanele asetshenziswe lapho kufakwa kabusha izinto zamaminerali.