Ukuhlaziywa kwamaphutha ajwayelekile ezitshalweni zokuxuba itiyela
Ekwakhiweni komgwaqo we-asphalt, izitshalo zokuxuba ukhonkolo we-asphalt ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokwakha nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo ewuthelawayeka yezinga eliphezulu, cishe zonke izitshalo zokuxuba itiyela ezingenisiwe ziyasetshenziswa. Imininingwane ejwayelekile ingaphezu kwamahora ayi-160. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kukhulu futhi kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchwepheshe bokwakha umgwaqo.
Ukusebenza kahle kwesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt kanye nekhwalithi yekhonkrithi ekhiqizwayo kuhlobene nokuthi ngabe isitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo se-asphalt sihluleka kanye nohlobo kanye namathuba okuhluleka. Ukuhlanganisa iminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo we-asphalt kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaloli ayisicaba kagesi, izimbangela zokuhluleka ezitshalweni zokuxuba ukhonkolo we-asphalt zihlaziywa ukuze kunikezwe isipiliyoni esithile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kokhonkolo lwe-asphalt nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwe-asphalt pavement yezinga eliphezulu.

1. Okukhiphayo okungazinzile nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwemishini
Ekukhiqizeni ukwakhiwa, lolu hlobo lwesimo luvame ukuhlangana nalo. Amandla okukhiqiza imishini awanele, futhi umthamo wangempela wokukhiqiza uphansi kakhulu kunomthamo wokucaciswa kwemishini, okuholela ekumoshweni kwemishini nokusebenza kahle okuphansi. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lokwehluleka zihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:
(1) Isilinganiso esingalungile se-asphalt concrete mix. Asphalt ukhonkolo mix ratio target mix ratio kanye production mix ratio. Isilinganiso sokuxuba okuhlosiwe silawula isilinganiso sokuhamba kwezinto ezibandayo zesihlabathi namatshe, futhi isilinganiso sokuxuba ukukhiqizwa isilinganiso sokuxuba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesihlabathi kanye nezinto zamatshe ezintweni zikakhonkolo ze-asphalt eziqediwe ezishiwo ekuklanyweni. Isilinganiso semiksi yokukhiqiza sinqunywa ilabhorethri, enquma ngokuqondile izinga lokugreda elingekho endaweni likakhonkolo we-asphalt oqediwe. Isilinganiso sokuxuba okuhlosiwe sisethelwe ukuqhubeka nokuqinisekisa isilinganiso sengxube yokukhiqiza, futhi singalungiswa ngokufanele ngokuya ngesimo sangempela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lapho isilinganiso sokuxuba okuhlosiwe noma isilinganiso sengxube yokukhiqiza singafaneleki, amatshe agcinwe esilinganisweni ngasinye se-asphalt azoba ngokungalingani, ezinye zichichima nezinye izinto, azikwazi ukukalwa ngesikhathi, futhi isilinda sokuxuba sizobe singenzi lutho. , okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhiphayo.
(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlabathi namatshe akufanelekile.
Ukucaciswa ngakunye kwesihlabathi namatshe kunobubanzi bokugreda. Uma ukulawulwa kokuphakelayo kungenakho ukuqina futhi ukugreda kweqa ibanga, inani elikhulu "lemfucuza" lizokhiqizwa, futhi umgqomo wokulinganisa awukwazi ukukala ngesikhathi. Akugcini nje ngokuphumela ekukhiqizweni okuphansi, kodwa futhi kumosha izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa.
(3) Amanzi esihlabathi namatshe aphezulu kakhulu.
Amandla okukhiqiza wesigubhu sokumisa esiteshini sokuxuba i-asphalt afana nemodeli yemishini ngokufanele. Uma okuqukethwe kwamanzi esihlabathini nasetsheneni kuphezulu kakhulu, amandla okomisa ayancipha, futhi inani lesihlabathi netshe elinikezwa kubhini wokulinganisa ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga lokushisa elimisiwe ngesikhathi seyunithi lincane. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa.
(4) Inani lokushiswa kukaphethiloli liphansi. Kunezidingo ezithile zamafutha omlilo asetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-asphalt. Ngokuvamile, udizili, udizili osindayo noma uwoyela osindayo uyashiswa. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukuze kushibhile, amafutha axutshwe ngezinye izikhathi ayashiswa. Lolu hlobo lwamafutha lunenani eliphansi lomlilo kanye nokushisa okuphansi, okuthinta kakhulu amandla okushisa ombhobho wokomisa. .
(5) Imingcele yokusebenza kwemishini isethwe ngendlela engafanele.
Iboniswa ikakhulukazi ekumisweni okungalungile kokuxuba okomile nesikhathi sokuxutshwa okumanzi kanye nokulungiswa okungalungile kokuvula nokuvalwa komnyango webhakede. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umjikelezo ngamunye wokukhiqiza wokuhlanganisa uyimizuzwana engama-45, ovele ufinyelele kumthamo olinganiselwe wokukhiqiza wemishini. Ukuthatha imishini yohlobo lwe-2000 njengesibonelo, umjikelezo oshukumisayo ungama-45s, okukhiphayo ngehora Q = 2×3600/ 45= 160t/h, isikhathi somjikelezo oshukumisayo singama-50s, okukhiphayo ngehora Q = 2×3600 / 50= 144t/h (Qaphela: Umthamo olinganiselwe wemishini yokuxuba yohlobo lwe-2000 ngu-160t/h). Lokhu kudinga ukuthi isikhathi somjikelezo wokuxuba sifinyezwe ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ikhwalithi.

2. Izinga lokushisa lokukhipha ukhonkolo lwe-asphalt alizinzile
Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo we-asphalt, kunezidingo eziqinile zokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-asphalt "izoshiswa" kalula, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukunamathisela", engenalo inani lokusetshenziswa futhi kufanele ilahlwe; uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, i-asphalt izonamathela ngokungalingani esihlabathini nasegravel, eyaziwa ngokuthi "impahla emhlophe". Ukulahleka "kokunamathisela" kanye "nento emhlophe" kuyamangaza, futhi izindleko ngethani ngalinye lezinto ngokuvamile ziba ngama-yuan angama-250. Uma indawo yokukhiqiza ukhonkolo we-asphalt ilahla imfucuza eyengeziwe esizeni, kukhombisa ukwehla kwezinga lokuphatha nokusebenza kwalo. Kunezizathu ezimbili zalolu hlobo lokwehluleka:
(1) I-asphalt yokulawula izinga lokushisa ayilungile. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, "ukunamathisela" kuzokhiqizwa; uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, "impahla emhlophe" izokhiqizwa.
(2) Ukulawulwa kokushisisa kwesihlabathi nezinto zogwadule akunembile. Ukulungiswa okungalungile kobukhulu belangabi lokushisa, ukwehluleka kwe-damper yezimo eziphuthumayo, izinguquko zokuqukethwe komswakama esihlabathini kanye netshezi, ukungabi khona kwezinto ezibonakalayo emgqonyeni wezinto ezibandayo, njll, kungabangela kalula imfucuza. Lokhu kudinga ukubhekwa ngokucophelela, ukukalwa njalo, kanye nomuzwa ophezulu wemfanelo wekhwalithi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza.

3. Isilinganiso samafutha netshe alizinzile
Isilinganiso se-whetstone sibhekisela esilinganisweni sekhwalithi ye-asphalt kuya kwikhwalithi yezigcwalisi ezifana nesihlabathi kukhonkolo ye-asphalt. Kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulawula ikhwalithi yekhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Uma isilinganiso se-oil-stone sikhulu kakhulu, "ikhekhe lamafutha" lizovela endaweni yomgwaqo ngemva kokugandaya nokugingqika. Uma isilinganiso samafutha-amatshe sincane kakhulu, izinto ezikhonkolo zizohlukana futhi ukhonkolo ngeke lwakhiwe ngemva kokugoqa. Zonke lezi izingozi ezibucayi. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
(1) Inhlabathi nothuli olusesihlabathini nasematsheni kweqa kakhulu izinga. Nakuba uthuli lususiwe, okuqukethwe kodaka ku-filler kukhulu kakhulu, futhi iningi le-asphalt lihlanganiswa ne-filler, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukumuncwa kwamafutha". Kukhona itiyela elincane elinamathela phezu kwetshe, okwenza kube nzima ukwakha ngokugingqika.
(2) Ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokulinganisa. Isizathu esikhulu ukuthi iphuzu elinguziro lesistimu yokulinganisa yesikali sesisindo setiyela kanye ne-mineral powder enesisindo sesilinganiso siyakhukhuleka, okubangela amaphutha okulinganisa. Ikakhulukazi esikalini sokulinganisa i-asphalt, iphutha lika-1kg lizothinta kakhulu isilinganiso setshe likawoyela. Ekukhiqizeni, isistimu yokulinganisa kufanele ilinganiswe njalo. Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu okuqukethwe ku-powder amaminerali, umnyango we-mineral powder measurement bin ngokuvamile awuvalwa ngokuqinile, okuholela ekuvuzeni, okuthinta kakhulu izinga likakhonkolo we-asphalt.

4. Uthuli lukhulu futhi lungcolisa indawo yokwakha.
Phakathi nokwakhiwa, ezinye izitshalo ezixutshwayo zigcwala uthuli, zingcolise kakhulu imvelo futhi kuthinte impilo yezisebenzi. Izizathu eziyinhloko yilezi:
(1) Inani lodaka nothuli esihlabathini nasezintweni zamatshe likhulu kakhulu futhi lidlula kakhulu izinga.
(2) Ukuhluleka kwesistimu yokususa uthuli yesibili. Izitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt okwamanje ngokuvamile zisebenzisa iziqoqi zothuli zezikhwama zesibili ezomile, ezenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekile ezinezimbotshana ezincane, ukungena komoya okuhle, nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Ayabiza, kodwa anemiphumela emihle futhi angahlangabezana nezidingo zokuvikela imvelo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokungcola ukuthi i-pulse air pressure yesikhwama iphansi kakhulu, noma amanye amayunithi awayishintshi ngesikhathi ngemva kokulimala ukuze konge imali. Isikhwama sonakalisiwe noma sivinjelwe, ukushiswa kukaphethiloli akuphelele, futhi ukungcola kukhangiswa ebusweni besikhwama, okubangela ukuvinjelwa futhi kubangele ukomisa ukubanda. Kundiza uthuli emnyango wempahla; isikhwama sonakalisiwe noma asifakiwe, futhi intuthu ibonakala "njengentuthu ephuzi", kodwa empeleni iwuthuli.

5. Ukugcinwa kwesitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo se-asphalt
Imboni yokuxuba itiyela esizeni sokwakhiwa iyingcezu yemishini evame ukwehluleka. Ukuqinisa ukunakekelwa kwalezi zisetshenziswa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwakhiwa okuphephile endaweni yokwakha, ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho bemishini, ukunciphisa ukwehluleka kwezisetshenziswa, kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephathekayo.
Ngokujwayelekile, ukugcinwa kwemishini yokuxuba ihlukaniswe ngokulungiswa kwethangi, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwesistimu yewintshi, ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwe-stroke limiter, ukugcinwa kwentambo yocingo nama-pulleys, ukunakekelwa kwe-hopper yokuphakamisa, nokugcinwa kwe- ithrekhi futhi ulandelele abakaki. linda. Ithangi liyisisetshenziswa esisebenzayo sesitshalo sokuxuba itiyela futhi lingaphansi kokuguga okukhulu. Ngokuvamile, i-liner, i-blade, ingalo yokuxuba kanye nesivalo somnyango wempahla kufanele kulungiswe futhi kushintshwe njalo kuye ngokuthi ukuguga nokudabuka. Ngemva kokuxutshwa kukakhonkolo ngakunye, ithangi kufanele ligezwe ngesikhathi, futhi ukhonkolo osele ethangini kanye nokhonkolo onamathela esicabheni sempahla kufanele kushaywe kahle ukuze kuvinjwe ukhonkolo ethangini ukuthi ungaqini. Ukuvumelana nezimo kokuvula nokuvala umnyango wezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele kuhlolwe njalo ukuze kuvinjwe umnyango wezinto ezibonakalayo ukuba ubhajwe. Iphampu kawoyela ewugqinsi isetshenziswa kabili ngokushintshana ukuze inikeze uwoyela ekugcineni kwe-shaft yethangi ukuze kugcotshwe amabheringi nokukhipha isihlabathi, amanzi, njll. Uma unakekela ithangi, qiniseka ukuthi unqamula ugesi futhi ube nothile ozowunakekela. ukugwema izingozi. Qinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinto zangaphandle ethangini ngaphambi kokuqala umshini isikhathi ngasinye, futhi kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuqala umsingathi ngomthwalo.

Ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwe-winch motor: Isistimu yokubhuleka ye-winch system yesiteshi sokuxuba i-aspahlt ingaqinisekisa ukuthi i-hopper ingahlala kunoma iyiphi indawo kuthrekhi lapho isebenza ngomthwalo ogcwele. Ubukhulu be-torque yokuxuba bulungiswa yinati elikhulu esihlalweni esingemuva se-motor. Khipha isikulufu sokuxhuma phakathi kwekinathi lokukhiya kanye nebhuleki lefeni, hlehlisa inathi lokukhiya endaweni efanele, bese uhambisa irotha endaweni eyedlulele ngasekugcineni kwe-shaft. Bese uhambisa ibhuleki lefeni emuva ukuze iringi yebhuleki ilingane nendawo yekhoni yangaphakathi yekhava engemuva. Qinisa inathi lokukhiya lize lithinte ubuso bokuphela kwebhuleki lefeni. Bese uyisikulufa ngesikhathi esisodwa bese uqinisa isikulufu sokuxhuma. Uma i-hopper inokungahambi kahle kwamabhuleki lapho inyuswa noma yehliswa, qala ngokubuyisela inathi lokukhiya endaweni efanele, bese uqinisa isokhethi yebhowudi enezinhlangothi ezine kuleyo ndawo ngokwewashi. Uma kune-jam lapho uqala injini yokuphakamisa, qala ngokususa nati lokukhiya. Emuva endaweni efanele, khulula ibhowudi yesokhethi ene-hexagonal ekugcineni, welule ibanga lebhuleki langaphakathi, bese uqinisa nati lokukhiya. Ukunakekelwa kwendawo yokubeka nobakaki: Gcoba njalo amafutha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo lapho indawo yokulayisha ithintana nerola ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nokugijima kwerola lapho yehla inyuka. Ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokulayisha kanye nabakaki kufanele kubhekwane nakho kusenesikhathi ukuze kunqandwe Izingozi.
Ukugcinwa kwe-stroke limiter: Umkhawulo wesiteshi sokuxuba uhlukaniswe umkhawulo, umkhawulo ophezulu, umkhawulo ophansi kanye ne-circuit breaker. Kuyadingeka ukuthi njalo futhi ngokushesha uhlole ukuzwela nokuthembeka kweswishi yomkhawulo ngamunye, uhlole ukuthi izingxenye zesekethe yokulawula, amajoyinti, nezintambo zisesimweni esihle yini, nokuthi amasekethe ajwayelekile yini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuphephile kwesiteshi sokuxuba.
Ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekulawuleni ikhwalithi nokuxazulula izinkinga zesitshalo se-asphalt akukwazi nje ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yephrojekthi, kodwa futhi kunciphise izindleko zephrojekthi, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, futhi kuzuze isivuno esiphindwe kabili sezinzuzo zomphakathi nezomnotho.