Imishini yokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt ingxenye yokutshalwa kwezimali ezitshalweni zokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt. Akuthinti kuphela ukukhiqizwa okuvamile, kodwa futhi kunquma ngokuqondile izinga lengxube ye-asphalt kanye nezindleko zokusetshenziswa.
Imodeli yemishini yokuxuba i-asphalt kufanele ikhethwe ngokwesayensi nangokunengqondo ngokusekelwe ekuphumeni konyaka. Uma imodeli inkulu kakhulu, izokwandisa izindleko zokutshala izimali futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane; uma imodeli yemishini incane kakhulu, okukhiphayo kuzobe kunganele, okuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isikhathi sokusebenza. , umnotho ompofu, izisebenzi zokwakha nazo zivame ukukhathala. Izitshalo zokuxuba itiyela ngaphansi kohlobo 2000 zivame ukusetshenziselwa imigwaqo yokwakha yendawo noma ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kukamasipala, kuyilapho uhlobo 3000 noma ngaphezulu lusetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wemigwaqo emikhulu njengemigwaqo emikhulu, imigwaqo emikhulu kazwelonke, kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu yesifundazwe. Ngokuvamile la maphrojekthi anezikhathi eziqinile zokwakha.
Ngokusho kwesidingo sonyaka, ukuphuma ngehora kwesitshalo sokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt = ukuphuma kwesidingo sonyaka/ukwakhiwa okuphumelelayo konyaka izinyanga eziyi-6/izinsuku ezinelanga ezisebenzayo nyanga zonke amahora angama-25/10 omsebenzi ngosuku (isikhathi esiyinhloko ukwakhiwa kwe-asphalt okuphumelelayo ngonyaka kuyizinyanga ezingu-6, futhi izinsuku zokwakha ezisebenzayo ngenyanga zingaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-6) izinsuku ezingu-25 zibalwa, futhi amahora okusebenza nsuku zonke abalwa njengamahora angu-10).
Kungcono ukukhetha okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe kwesitshalo sokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt ukuthi kube kukhudlwana kunomcabango obalwe ngehora okukhiphayo, ngenxa yokuthi kuthonywa izici ezihlukahlukene njengokucaciswa kwempahla eluhlaza, okuqukethwe umswakama, njll., okukhiphayo kwangempela okuzinzile kwengxube ye-asphalt isitshalo sokuxuba ngokuvamile singu-60% kuphela wemodeli yomkhiqizo ~ 80%. Isibonelo, umphumela wangempela olinganiselwe wesitshalo sokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt engu-4000 ngokuvamile ngu-240-320t/h. Uma okukhiphayo kwanda ngokuqhubekayo, kuzothinta ukufana kokuxuba, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kwengxube. Uma ikhiqiza i-asphalt yenjoloba Noma i-SMA nezinye izingxube zetiyela ezilungisiwe noma lapho ikhiqizwa ngemva kwemvula, okukhiphayo okulinganiselwe kuzokwehla ngezinga elithile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokuxuba sinwetshiwe, itshe limanzi futhi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka kancane ngemva kwemvula.
Kuhlelelwe ukuqeda umsebenzi wengxube yetiyela wamathani angu-300,000 onyakeni owodwa ngemva kokusungulwa kwesiteshi. Ngokwefomula yokubala engenhla, okukhiphayo ngehora ngu-200t. Umphumela ozinzile wesitshalo sokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt engu-4000 ngu-240t/h, okungaphezudlwana kuka-200t. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt sohlobo lwe-4000 sakhethwa. Imishini yokuxuba ingahlangabezana nemisebenzi yokwakha, futhi imishini yokuxuba i-asphalt yohlobo lwe-4000 nayo iyimodeli evamile evame ukusetshenziswa amayunithi wokwakha kumaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu njengemigwaqo emikhulu nemigwaqo emikhulu.

Ukusebenza kunengqondo futhi kuyasebenza
Njengamanje, inani lezindleko zabasebenzi ezinkampanini zokwakha liyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokwaba izinsiza zabantu ngokunengqondo ayibonakali nje kuphela emandleni ebhizinisi labasebenzi abakhethiwe, kodwa nasenani labasebenzi ababiwe.
Isitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt siwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olwakhiwe izingxenye eziningi, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza idinga ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu abaningi. Bonke abaphathi bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kwabantu. Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abanengqondo, akunakwenzeka ukuzuza izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho.
Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nezidingo, izisebenzi ezidingekayo zesikhungo sokuxuba itiyela yilezi: Umphathi wesiteshi ongu-1, o-opharetha abangu-2, izisebenzi ezilungisa izinyawo ezi-2, isikali esi-1 sokukala kanye nomqoqi wezinto ezibonakalayo, umuntu oyedwa ophethe izinto kanye nokuphatha ukudla, kanye nomabhalane umuntu oyedwa naye unomthwalo wemfanelo wezezimali. accounting, ingqikithi yabantu abangu-8. Abaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi abalungisayo kufanele baqeqeshwe ngumkhiqizi wezitshalo ezixuba itiyela noma isikhungo sochwepheshe futhi babe nesitifiketi ngaphambi kokusebenza.
Khulisa ukusebenza kahle futhi uqinise ukuphatha okuphelele
Ukuphatha kubonakala ekuphathweni kwabasebenzi, kodwa nasekuphathweni komsebenzi nokukhiqiza. Sekuwukuvumelana embonini ukufuna izinzuzo kubaphathi.
Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi intengo yengxube ye-asphalt izinzile ngokuyisisekelo, njengomqhubi wesitshalo sokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt, ukuze kuzuzwe izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho, okuwukuphela kwendlela iwukusebenza kanzima ekongeni izindleko. Ukonga izindleko kungaqala ezicini ezilandelayo.

Thuthukisa ukukhiqiza
Izinga le-aggregate lithinta ngqo ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile lapho kuthengwa izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kugwenywe ukuthikameza okukhiphayo ngenxa yokuchichima nokuchichima. Esinye isici esithinta ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt yisishisi esikhulu. Isigubhu sokumisa sesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt siklanywe ngendawo ekhethekile yokushisa. Uma ukwakheka kwelangabi kungakwazi ukuhambisana nendawo yokushisa, kuzothinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukukhiqiza kwesitshalo se-asphalt. Ngakho-ke, uma uthola ukuthi ukuma kwelangabi akukuhle, kufanele ukulungise ngesikhathi.

Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli
Izindleko zikaphethiloli zenza ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokusebenza zezitshalo zokuxuba itiyela. Ngaphezu kokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvimbela amanzi kuma-aggregates, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokuvutha. Isistimu yokushiswa kwesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt iqukethe isishisi esikhulu, isigubhu sokomisa, umqoqi wothuli kanye nesistimu yokungenisa umoya. Ukumatanisa okunengqondo phakathi kwabo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekushiseni okuphelele kukaphethiloli. Ukuthi ubude belangabi nobubanzi be-burner bufana nendawo yokusha yeshubhu yokomisa, kanye nezinga lokushisa legesi ephumayo lithinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwesibaseli. Enye idatha ibonisa ukuthi njalo lapho izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe lidlula izinga lokushisa elishiwo ngo-5°C, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukhuphuka cishe ngo-1%. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe kufanele lanele futhi akufanele lidlule izinga lokushisa elishiwo.

Qinisa ukunakekela futhi unciphise izindleko zokukhanda nezisele
Indawo yokusebenza yesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt inokhahlo futhi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kubalulekile. Njengoba isisho sithi, "Amaphesenti ayisikhombisa ancike kwikhwalithi futhi amaphesenti amathathu ancike ekunakekeleni." Uma ukunakekelwa kungekho, izindleko zokulungisa, ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kabusha, zizoba phezulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke, izinkinga ezincane ezitholiwe kufanele kubhekwane nazo ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezincane ukuba ziphenduke ukwehluleka okukhulu.

I-Asphalt Mixing Plant Investment Analysis
Embonini yokuxuba i-asphalt edinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamashumi ezigidi zamayuan, esigabeni sokuqala sokutshalwa kwezimali, isilinganiso sokutshalwa kwezimali nemali engenayo kufanele kucatshangelwe kuqala ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaboni. Izindleko zokusebenza zibalwa njengezindleko zokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali kwehadiwe. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya izindleko zokusebenza zephrojekthi. Izimo ezimisiwe: Imodeli yesitshalo sokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt luhlobo lwe-4000; isikhathi sokusebenza amahora angu-10 wokusebenza okuqhubekayo ngosuku nezinsuku ezingu-25 ngenyanga; isilinganiso sokuphumayo singu-260t/h; isamba sokukhiqiza sengxube ye-asphalt singamathani angama-300,000; isikhathi sokwakha yizinyanga ezi-5.

Imali Yendawo
Kunomehluko omkhulu ezifundeni ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile, imali ikhokhwa njalo ngonyaka, kusukela kumayuan angaphezu kuka-100,000 kuya kumayuan angaphezu kuka-200,000. Izindleko ezabelwe ithani ngalinye lengxube cishe i-yuan engu-0.6/t.

Izindleko zabasebenzi
Abasebenzi abangaguquki ngokuvamile bathola iholo lonyaka. Ngokwezimo zemakethe zamanje, iholo lonyaka labasebenzi abangaguquki ngokuvamile lithi: Umphathi wesiteshi o-1, nomholo wonyaka wamayuan ayi-150,000; 2 opharetha, ngesilinganiso iholo ngonyaka yuan 100,000, for ingqikithi 200,000 yuan; 2 abasebenzi besondlo Isilinganiso sonyaka somuntu ngamunye singu-70,000 yuan, isamba samayuan angu-140,000 kubantu ababili, kanti iholo lonyaka labanye abasebenzi abasizayo liyi-60,000 yuan, isamba samayuan angu-180,000 kubantu abathathu. Amaholo abasebenzi betoho akhokhelwa nyanga zonke. Ngokusekelwe eholweni lanyanga zonke labantu abangu-6 lama-yuan angu-4,000, iholo labasebenzi besikhashana lezinyanga ezinhlanu lifinyelela ku-120,000 yuan. Kuhlanganisa namaholo abanye abasebenzi abayitoho, isamba samaholo abasebenzi cishe ama-yuan angu-800,000, kanti izindleko zabasebenzi zingu-2.7 yuan/t.

Izindleko ze-asphalt
Izindleko zetiyela zenza ingxenye enkulu yezindleko eziphelele zengxube yetiyela. Okwamanje ingama-yuan angu-2,000 ngethani ngalinye letiyela, okulingana no-2 yuan/kg. Uma okuqukethwe kwetiyela kwengxube kungu-4.8%, izindleko zetiyela ngethani ngalinye lengxube zingamayuan angama-96.

Izindleko ezihlanganisiwe
Isamba sihlanganisa cishe u-90% wesisindo esiphelele sengxube. Isilinganiso senani lentengo cishe singamayuan angama-80/t. Intengo yezindleko zokuhlanganisa kule ngxube ngamayuan angama-72 ngethani.

izindleko zempushana
Impushana yenza cishe u-6% wesisindo esiphelele sengxube. Isilinganiso senani lempushana singaba ngu-120 yuan/t. Izindleko zempushana ngethani ngalinye lengxube zingu-7.2 yuan.

izindleko zikaphethiloli
Uma kusetshenziswa uwoyela osindayo, kucatshangwa ukuthi ingxube idla u-7kg wamafutha anzima ngethani futhi izindleko zikawoyela osindayo zingu-4,200 yuan ngethani, izindleko zikaphethiloli zingu-29.4 yuan/t. Uma kusetshenziswa amalahle agayiwe, izindleko zikaphethiloli zingu-14.4 yuan/t ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kokusetshenziswa kwamalahle agayiwe angu-12kg ngethani ngalinye lengxube kanye no-1,200 yuan ngethani lamalahle agayiwe. Uma kusetshenziswa igesi yemvelo, i-7m3 yegesi yemvelo isetshenziswa ngethani ngalinye lengxube, futhi igesi yemvelo ibalwa ku-3.5 yuan nge-cubic meter ngayinye, futhi izindleko zikaphethiloli zingu-24.5 yuan/t.

Isikweletu sikagesi
Amandla angempela asetshenziswa ngehora embonini yokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt engu-4000 angaba ngu-550kW·h. Uma ibalwa ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi wezimboni okungu-0.85 yuan/kW·h, inkokhelo kagesi ihlanganisa ama-yuan angu-539,000, noma i-yuan engu-1.8/t.

izindleko zokulayisha
Isitshalo esisodwa sokuxuba itiyela esinezinhlobo ezingu-4000 sidinga izilayishi ezimbili zezinhlobo ezingu-50 ukuze zilayishe izinto. Kubalwa ngokusekelwe emalini yokuqasha yanyanga zonke yesilayishi ngasinye samayuan angu-16,000 (okuhlanganisa neholo lomsebenzisi), ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kosuku lokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokuthambisa ezingama-300 yuan, isilayishi ngasinye ngonyaka Izindleko zingu-125,000 yuan, izindleko zezilayishi ezimbili zingamayuan angu-250,000, futhi izindleko ezabelwe ithani ngalinye lengxube ngu-0.85 yuan.

Izindleko zokunakekela
Izindleko zokunakekela zihlanganisa izinsiza ezingavamile, izinto zokugcoba, izinto ezisebenzisekayo, njll., ezibiza cishe ama-yuan angu-150,000. Izindleko ezabelwe ithani ngalinye lengxube ngu-0.5 yuan.

enye imali
Ngokungeziwe kulezi zindleko ezingenhla, kukhona nezindleko zokuphatha (njengezimali zehhovisi, izinkokhelo zomshwalense, njll.), izintela, izindleko zezimali, izindleko zokuthengisa, njll. Ngokwesilinganiso esinzima sezimo zemakethe zamanje, inzuzo yonke ithani lezinto ezixubile ngokuvamile liphakathi kwama-yuan angama-30 no-50, kunomehluko omkhulu ezifundeni zonke.
Njengoba amanani ezinto ezibonakalayo, izindleko zokuhamba, nezimo zemakethe zihluka ezindaweni ngezindawo, umphumela wokuhlaziya izindleko uzohluka ngandlela-thile. Okulandelayo yisibonelo sokwakhiwa kwemboni yokuhlanganisa itiyela endaweni egudle ugu.

Izimali zokutshala izimali nezokwakha
Isethi yesitshalo se-asphalt i-Marini 4000 ibiza cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-13, futhi ukutholwa komhlaba yi-4 million m2. Imali yokuqasha indawo yeminyaka emibili ngama-yuan angu-500,000, imali yokufaka imishini kanye neyokugunyazwa yi-200,000 yuan, kanti imali yokuxhuma inethiwekhi ye-transformer kanye nemali yokuyifaka ingu-500,000 yuan. Ama-yuan angu-200,000 wobunjiniyela obuyisisekelo, amayuan angu-200,000 wezisele nokuqina kwesayithi, ama-yuan angu-200,000 ezindonga ezigcina isisele nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingangenwa yimvula, amayuan angu-100,000 kuma-weighbridges angu-2, kanye namayuan angu-150,000 ezindlu ezakhiwe ngamahhovisi kanye nezindlu zokufakelwa ezakhiwe kabusha. , kudingeka isamba sezigidi ezingu-15.05 zamayuan.

Izindleko zokusebenza kwemishini
Umphumela wonyaka wamathani angu-300,000 wengxube ye-asphalt ungamathani angu-600,000 wengxube ye-asphalt eminyakeni engu-2, futhi isikhathi sokukhiqiza esisebenzayo yizinyanga ezingu-6 ngonyaka. Kudingeka izilayishi ezintathu, ngayinye inenkokhelo yokuqasha engu-15,000 yuan/ngenyanga, enenani eliphelele lama-yuan angu-540,000; izindleko zikagesi zibalwa ku-3.5 yuan/ton yengxube yetiyela, isamba esingu-2.1 million yuan; izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini ingu-200,000 yuan, kanti okusha Kukhona ukwehluleka kwemishini embalwa, ikakhulukazi ukushintshwa kwamafutha okugcoba nezinye izingxenye zokugqoka. Izindleko zokusebenza zemishini zingu-2.84 million yuan.

Izindleko zempahla eluhlaza
Ake sihlaziye ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube ze-sup13 ne-sup20 asphalt emakethe yobunjiniyela. Itshe: I-Limestone ne-basalt okwamanje kusemakethe eqinile. Intengo ye-limestone ingu-95 yuan/t, futhi intengo ye-basalt ingu-145 yuan/t. Intengo emaphakathi yi-120 yuan/t, ngakho-ke izindleko zamatshe ziyizigidi ezingu-64.8 zamayuan.

itiyela
Itiyela elishintshiwe libiza amayuan angu-3,500/t, itiyela elijwayelekile libiza amayuan angu-2,000/t, kanti inani elimaphakathi lama-asphalt amabili liyi-2,750 yuan/t. Uma okuqukethwe kwetiyela kungu-5%, izindleko zetiyela zingamayuan ayizigidi ezingama-82.5.

amafutha anzima
Intengo kawoyela osindayo yi-4,100 yuan/t. Kubalwa ngokusekelwe esidingweni sokushisa u-6.5kg ngethani lengxube yetiyela, izindleko zikawoyela osindayo zingamayuan ayizigidi ezingu-16.

diesel fuel
(Ukusetshenziswa kwesilayishi kanye nokushiswa kwemishini ye-asphalt) Intengo kadizili ingu-7,600 yuan/t, 1L udizili ulingana no-0.86kg, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwesilayishi amahora angu-10 kubalwa njengo-120L, bese isilayishi sisebenzisa u-92.88t kaphethiloli futhi izindleko zingu-705,880 yuan. Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ekuthungiseni kwesitshalo se-asphalt kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli okungu-60kg ekuthuseni ngakunye. Izindleko zokuthungela nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwesitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt yi-140,000 yuan. Izindleko zikadizili ziwu-840,000 yuan.
Ukufingqa, izindleko eziphelele zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana netshe, itiyela, uwoyela osindayo nodizili ziyizigidi eziyi-182.03 zamayuan.

Izindleko zabasebenzi
Ngokwalokhu kumiswa kwabasebenzi okubalulwe ngenhla, kudingeka inani labantu abayi-11 ukuze baphathe, basebenze, bahlole, benze izinto kanye nokuphepha. Iholo elidingekayo yi-800,000 yuan ngonyaka, isamba semali engu-1.6 million yuan eminyakeni emibili.
Ukufingqa, izindleko eziqondile eziqondile zokutshalwa kwezimali kwezitshalo zokuxuba i-asphalt nezindleko zokwakha, izindleko zokusebenza, izindleko zempahla eluhlaza kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi ziyizigidi ezingu-183.63 zamayuan.