Imishini emikhulu yokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi okuhamba ngetiyela. Ukufakwa nokulungisa amaphutha okokusebenza okuxutshwa kusithinta ngokuqondile isimo sawo sokusebenza, ukuqhubeka kokwakhiwa komgwaqo kanye nekhwalithi. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni komsebenzi, lesi sihloko sichaza amaphuzu ezobuchwepheshe okufakwa nokulungisa amaphutha wemishini emikhulu yokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt.

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwesitshalo se-asphalt

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo
Imodeli yemishini kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olunzulu olususelwe ezifundweni zenkampani, isikali sephrojekthi enenkontileka, umthamo womsebenzi wale phrojekthi (isigaba samathenda), kuhlanganiswe nezici ezifana nesimo sezulu sendawo yokwakha, izinsuku zokwakha ezisebenzayo. , amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwenkampani, namandla ezomnotho enkampani. Amandla okukhiqiza impahla kufanele abe mkhulu kunomthamo womsebenzi wokwakha. 20% emikhulu.

I-Scalability
Izinto zokusebenza ezikhethiwe kufanele zibe nezinga lobuchwepheshe ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zamanje zokwakha futhi zikhule. Isibonelo, inani lama-silos abandayo futhi ashisayo kufanele abe ayisithupha ukuze ahlangabezane nokulawula isilinganiso sokuxuba; isilinda sokuxuba kufanele sibe nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokwengeza izithasiselo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwengeza izinto zefiber, ama-anti-rutting agents nezinye izithasiselo.

Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo
Lapho uthenga izinto zokusebenza, kufanele uqonde ngokugcwele izinkomba zokuvikela imvelo zempahla ezothengwa. Kufanele ihambisane nemithethonqubo yezemvelo kanye nezidingo zomnyango wokuvikela imvelo endaweni lapho isetshenziswa khona. Kunkontileka yokuthenga, izidingo zokukhishwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kubhayela kawoyela oshisayo kanye nedivayisi yokuqoqa uthuli yesistimu yokomisa kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile. Umsindo osebenzayo wezinto zokusebenza kufanele uhambisane nemithethonqubo yomsindo emngceleni webhizinisi. Amathangi okugcina itiyela kanye namathangi okugcina uwoyela asindayo kufanele afakwe amagesi agelezayo agelezayo ahlukahlukene. izindawo zokuqoqa nokucubungula.

Faka isitshalo se-asphalt
Umsebenzi wokufaka uyisisekelo sokunquma ikhwalithi yokusetshenziswa kwemishini. Kufanele yaziswe kakhulu, ihlelwe ngokucophelela, futhi isetshenziswe ngonjiniyela abanolwazi.
Ukulungiselela
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokulungiselela uhlanganisa lezi zinto eziyisithupha ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, phathisa iyunithi yokuklama yezakhiwo efanelekayo ukuklama imidwebo eyisisekelo yokwakha esekelwe ohlelweni lwaphansi olunikezwa umenzi; okwesibili, faka isicelo sokusatshalaliswa nokuguqula impahla ngokwezidingo zemanuwali yeziyalezo zemishini, futhi ubale umthamo wokusabalalisa. Izidingo zamandla ezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisizayo njengetiyela elifakwe emulsified kanye netiyela elishintshiwe kufanele zicatshangelwe, futhi u-10% kuya ku-15% womthamo wabagibeli abangaphezulu kufanele ushiywe; okwesibili, ama-transformer anamandla afanele kumele afakwe ukuze asetshenziswe amandla asekhaya esizeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini yokukhiqiza Okwesine, izintambo zikagesi eziphakeme neziphansi endaweni kufanele zenzelwe ukungcwatshwa, kanye nebanga phakathi kwe-transformer ne- Igumbi lokulawula elikhulu kufanele libe ngu-50m. Okwesihlanu, njengoba izinqubo zokufaka ugesi zithatha cishe izinyanga ezi-3, kufanele zicutshungulwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuba okokusebenza kuyaliwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulungisa iphutha. Okwesithupha, ama-boilers, imikhumbi yokucindezela, izinto zokulinganisa, njll. kumele zidlule ezinqumweni ezifanele zokugunyazwa kanye nokuhlola ngesikhathi esifanele.

Inqubo yokufaka
Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo Inqubo yokwakha isisekelo imi kanje: buyekeza imidwebo → isigxobo → ukumba → ukuminyana kwesisekelo → ukubopha ibha yensimbi → ukufakwa kwezingxenye ezishumekiwe → ifomu → ukuthelwa kwe-silicon → ukulungiswa.
Isisekelo sesakhiwo sokuxuba ngokuvamile siklanywe njengesisekelo se-raft. Isisekelo kufanele sibe sicaba futhi siminyene. Uma kunenhlabathi evulekile, kufanele ishintshwe futhi igcwaliswe. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa udonga lomgodi ukuthululwa okuqondile kwengxenye yesisekelo esingaphansi komhlaba, futhi kufanele kufakwe i-formwork. Uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile emini nasebusuku lingaphansi kuka-5 ° C izinsuku ezinhlanu ezilandelanayo ngesikhathi sokwakha, izinyathelo zokuvikela kufanele zithathwe ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokwakha zasebusika (njengamabhodi amagwebu ku-formwork, amashedi okwakha okushisa nokushisa, njll.). Ukufakwa kwezingxenye ezishumekiwe kuyinqubo eyinhloko. Indawo kanye nokuphakama kwendiza kufanele kube okunembile, futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kuqine ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezishunyekiwe azinyakazi noma ziguge ngesikhathi sokuthululwa nokudlidliza.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo sekuqediwe futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezimo zokwamukelwa, ukwamukelwa kwesisekelo kufanele kwenziwe. Ngesikhathi sokwamukela, imitha ye-rebound isetshenziselwa ukukala amandla kakhonkolo, isiteshi esiphelele sisetshenziselwa ukukala indawo yendiza yezingxenye ezishunyekiwe, futhi izinga lisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuphakama kwesisekelo. Ngemva kokudlula ukwamukelwa, inqubo yokuphakamisa iqala.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-hosting Inqubo yokwakha yokuphakamisa imi kanje: isakhiwo esixutshwayo → izinto zokuphakamisa izinto ezishisayo → isisele sempushana → imishini yokuphakamisa impushana → isigubhu esomisayo → umqoqi wothuli → isihambisi sebhande → isisele sezinto ezibandayo → ithange letiyela → isithando somlilo esishisayo → igumbi lokulawula eliyinhloko → isithasiselo .
Uma imilenze yendawo yokugcina impahla eqediwe esitezi sokuqala sesakhiwo sokuxuba iklanyelwe ngamabhawodi ashumekiwe, amandla kakhonkolo athululwe okwesibili kufanele afinyelele ku-70% ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutshekwe nokuphakanyiswa kwezitezi ezingenhla. I-guardrail ephansi yezitebhisi kufanele ifakwe ngesikhathi futhi ifakwe ngokuqinile ngaphambi kokuthi iphakanyiselwe phezulu ungqimba ngongqimba. Ezingxenyeni ezingakwazi ukufakwa ku-guardrail, kufanele kusetshenziswe iloli eliphakamisa i-hydraulic, futhi izindawo zokuphepha kufanele zifakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Lapho ukhetha i-crane, ikhwalithi yayo yokuphakamisa kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo. Ukuxhumana okugcwele nokudalulwa kufanele kwenziwe nomshayeli ophakamisayo ngaphambi kokuphakamisa imisebenzi. Imisebenzi yokuthutha inqatshelwe emoyeni onamandla, imvula nezinye izimo zezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanele sokuphakamisa ukwakhiwa, kufanele kwenziwe amalungiselelo okubeka izintambo zemishini futhi kufakwe izinto zokuvikela umbani.
Ukuhlolwa Kwenqubo Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini yokuxuba, ukuzihlola okuzimele ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele kwenziwe, ikakhulukazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezingxenye zesakhiwo semishini yokuxuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukufakwa kuqinile, ukuma kuyafaneleka, izinsimbi ezivikelayo. ziqinile, izinga le-liquid lethangi lezinga eliphezulu likawoyela oshisayo livamile, futhi amandla kanye nekhebula lesignali lixhunywe ngendlela efanele.

ukulungisa iphutha kwesitshalo se-asphalt

Ukulungisa iphutha
Inqubo yokulungisa iphutha yokungenzi lutho imi kanje: hlola-sebenzisa injini → lungisa ukulandelana kwesigaba → gijima ngaphandle komthwalo → kala okwamanje kanye nesivinini → bheka imingcele yokusebenza yemishini yokusabalalisa neyokuguqula → bheka amasignali abuyiswe inzwa ngayinye → bheka ukuthi isilawuli siyazwela futhi siyasebenza → bheka ukudlidliza nomsindo. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha, kufanele kuqedwe.
Ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha, kufanele futhi uhlole isimo sokuvala sepayipi lomoya elicindezelwe, uhlole ukuthi ingabe inani lokucindezela kanye nokunyakaza kwesilinda ngasinye kujwayelekile, futhi uhlole ukuthi amasignali okuma kwengxenye ngayinye ehambayo ajwayelekile. Ngemva kokungenzi lutho amahora angu-2, hlola ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-bearing and reducer ngalinye lijwayelekile yini, bese ulinganisa iseli ngalinye lomthwalo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukulungisa iphutha okungenhla sekujwayelekile, ungathenga uphethiloli bese uqala ukulungisa iphutha kubhayela wamafutha ashisayo.

Ukunikezwa kwe-boiler yamafutha ashisayo
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kawoyela oshisayo kuwumsebenzi obalulekile. Amafutha ashisayo kufanele aphelelwe amanzi ku-105 ° C kuze kube yilapho umfutho uzinzile, bese ushiswa ekushiseni okusebenzayo okungu-160 kuya ku-180 ° C. Amafutha kufanele agcwaliswe nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi aphelelwe amandla ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze afinyelele izingcindezi ezinzile zokungena nokuphuma kanye namazinga oketshezi azinzile. . Lapho izinga lokushisa lamapayipi ahlanganisiwe ethangi ngalinye le-asphalt lifinyelela izinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-asphalt, i-gravel, i-ore powder zingathengwa futhi zilungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa.

Ukondla kanye nokulungisa iphutha
Ukulungisa iphutha le-burner kuyisihluthulelo sokuphakela nokulungisa iphutha. Ukuthatha izishisi zamafutha ezisindayo njengesibonelo, uwoyela osindayo ofanelekayo kufanele athengwe ngokwemiyalo yawo. Indlela yokubona ngokushesha uwoyela osindayo endaweni ukufaka udizili. Uwoyela osindayo wezinga eliphezulu ungancibilika kudizili. Izinga lokushisa lokushisisa lamafutha asindayo lingama-65 ~ 75 ℃. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, igesi izokhiqizwa futhi ibangele ukwehluleka komlilo. Uma imingcele ye-burner isethwe ngendlela efanele, ukuthungela okubushelelezi kungafinyelelwa, ilangabi elivuthayo lizozinza, futhi izinga lokushisa lizokhula ngokuvula, futhi uhlelo lwezinto ezibandayo lungaqalwa ukuphakela.
Ungangezi izingcezu zamatshe ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kuka-3mm ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala, ngoba uma ilangabi licisha ngokuzumayo, ama-chips amatshe angomisiwe azonamathela epuleti lomhlahlandlela wesigubhu kanye nesikrini esincane esidlidlizayo semeshi, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngemuva kokuphakela, bheka izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe kanye nezinga lokushisa elishisayo le-silo elikhonjiswe kukhompuyutha, khipha i-aggregate eshisayo esiseleni ngasinye esishisayo ngokuhlukana, yithathe ngesilayishi, ikale izinga lokushisa bese uyiqhathanisa nezinga lokushisa elibonisiwe. Empeleni, kunomehluko kulawa manani okushisa, okufanele afinyezwe ngokucophelela, akalwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi ahlukaniswe ukuze kuqoqwe idatha yokukhiqiza esikhathini esizayo. Lapho ukala izinga lokushisa, sebenzisa ithemometha ye-infrared kanye ne-mercury thermometer ukuze uqhathanise futhi ulinganise.
Thumela i-aggregate eshisayo esuka esiseleni ngasinye kulabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe ukuze uhlole ukuthi iyahlangabezana yini nobubanzi obuhambisanayo bezimbobo zesisefo. Uma kukhona ukuxuba noma ukuxutshwa kwe-silo, izizathu kufanele zihlonzwe futhi ziqedwe. I-current of each part, reducer and bearing temperature kufanele ibonwe futhi irekhodwe. Esimeni sokulinda, bheka futhi ulungise ukuma kwamasondo amabili okuphonswa kwebhande eliyisicaba, ibhande eligobile, kanye ne-roller. Qaphela ukuthi i-roller kufanele isebenze ngaphandle komthelela noma umsindo ongajwayelekile. Hlaziya idatha yokuhlola engenhla neyokubheka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lokomisa nokususwa kothuli luvamile, noma ngabe izinga lokushisa lamanje kanye nezinga lokushisa lengxenye ngayinye livamile, ukuthi isilinda ngasinye sisebenza ngokujwayelekile yini, nokuthi imingcele yesikhathi esethwe isistimu yokulawula iyasebenza yini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphakela nokulungisa amaphutha, izindawo zokushintshwa komnyango womgqomo wezinto ezishisayo, isicabha sesikali esihlanganisiwe, isicabha esihlanganisa isilinda, isembozo somgqomo womkhiqizo oqediwe, umnyango womgqomo womkhiqizo oqediwe, kanye nomnyango wetroli kufanele kube okulungile futhi ukunyakaza kufanele. kube bushelelezi.

ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo
Ngemuva kokuthi umsebenzi wokufaka nokulungisa iphutha usuqediwe, ungaxhumana nochwepheshe bezokwakha ukuze wenze ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo futhi ugandaye ingxenye yokuhlola yomgwaqo. Ukukhiqizwa kokuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokwesilinganiso sengxube esinikezwe ilabhorethri. Ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo kufanele kudluliselwe esimweni sokuxutshwa kanye nokuxuba kuphela ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe le-aggregate eshisayo lifinyelele izidingo. Uma sithatha ingxube ye-asphalt limestone ye-AH-70 njengesibonelo, izinga lokushisa elihlanganisiwe kufanele lifinyelele ku-170~185℃, futhi izinga lokushisa le-asphalt kufanele libe ngu-155~165℃.
Hlela umuntu okhethekile (umhloli) ukuze abheke ukubukeka kwengxube ye-asphalt endaweni ephephile eceleni kwemoto yokuthutha. I-asphalt kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwezinhlayiya ezimhlophe, ukuhlukaniswa okusobala noma i-agglomeration. Izinga lokushisa elilinganisiwe langempela kufanele libe ngu-145 ~ 165 ℃, futhi ukubukeka Okuhle, ukurekhoda kwezinga lokushisa. Thatha amasampula okuhlolwa kokukhipha ukuze uhlole ukugreda kanye nesilinganiso setshe likawoyela ukuze uhlole ukulawulwa kwezinto zokusebenza.
Kufanele kuqashelwe amaphutha okuhlola, futhi ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nomphumela wangempela ngemva kokugandaywa nokugingqika. Ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo akukwazi ukwenza isiphetho mayelana nokulawulwa kwezinto zokusebenza. Lapho ukukhishwa okuqongelelekayo kwengxube yesicaciso esifanayo kufinyelela ku-2000t noma ku-5000t, idatha yezibalo zekhompyutha, inani langempela lezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, inani lemikhiqizo eqediwe nedatha yokuhlola kufanele kuhlaziywe ndawonye. uthole isiphetho. Ukunemba kwesilinganiso se-asphalt semishini emikhulu yokuxuba i-asphalt kufanele kufinyelele ku-± 0.25%. Uma ingakwazi ukufinyelela kulobu bubanzi, izizathu kufanele zitholwe futhi zixazululwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo yisigaba sokulungisa iphutha ngokuphindaphindiwe, isifinyezo kanye nokwenza ngcono, esinomthwalo osindayo womsebenzi kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe. Kudinga ukubambisana okuseduze kweminyango ehlukahlukene futhi kudinga abaphathi nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abanolwazi oluthile. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo kungabhekwa njengokuqediwe kuphela ngemva kokususa iphutha zonke izingxenye zemishini ukuze zisebenze ngokuzinza nangokuthembekile, yonke imingcele ibe evamile, kanye nekhwalithi yengxube ukuze izinze futhi ilawuleke.

Abasebenzi
Imishini emikhulu yokuxuba ingxube yetiyela kufanele ifakwe imenenja engu-1 enokuphathwa kwemishini yobunjiniyela nolwazi lomsebenzi, o-opharetha abangu-2 abanemfundo yasesikoleni esiphakeme noma ngaphezulu, kanye nabasebenza ngogesi nabamakhenikha abangu-3. Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu okungokoqobo, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zomsebenzi akufanele kube nemininingwane eminingi, kodwa kufanele kube okukhethekile emisebenzini eminingi. Ama-opharetha kufanele futhi abambe iqhaza ekunakekeleni futhi angashintshana ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha izisebenzi ezingabekezelela ubunzima nothando lokungena ekuphathweni nasekusebenzeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhono lilonke kanye nokusebenza kahle kweqembu lonke.

ukwamukelwa
Abaphathi bemishini emikhulu yokuxuba ingxube yetiyela kufanele bahlele abakhiqizi kanye nochwepheshe bezokwakha ukuze bafingqe inqubo yokususa iphutha. Izinto zokuhlanza indle kufanele zihlole futhi zihlole ikhwalithi yengxube yokukhiqiza isilingo, ukusebenza kokulawula okokusebenza, kanye nezindawo zokuvikela ukuphepha, futhi ziqhathanise nezimfuneko zenkontileka yokuthengwa kwempahla nemiyalo. , bhala ulwazi lokwamukela olubhaliwe.
Ukufakwa nokulungisa amaphutha kuyisisekelo sokusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwemishini. Abaphathi bemishini kufanele babe nemibono ecacile, bagxile ekusungulweni kwezinto ezintsha, benze amalungiselelo aphelele, futhi balandele ngokuqinile imithethonqubo yezokuphepha nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuyafakwa ekukhiqizeni njengoba kuhleliwe futhi kusebenza kahle, kunikeze isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokwakhiwa komgwaqo.