1. Iziqondiso zokuhlakaza, ukuhlanganisa kanye nezokuthutha
Ukuhlakazwa nokuhlanganisa umsebenzi wesiteshi sokuxuba kusebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwesibopho sabasebenzi, futhi izinhlelo ezifanele ziyakhiwa futhi zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yonke inqubo yokuhlakaza, ukukhushulwa, ukuthuthwa nokufaka iphephile futhi ayinangozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele sisebenzise izimiso zokuthi okokuqala kuncane ngaphambi kokukhulu, kube lula kuqala ngaphambi kobunzima, indawo yokuqala ngaphambi kokuphakama okuphezulu, i-peripheral yokuqala bese kuba usokhaya, nokuthi ubani ohlukanisayo nokuthi ubani ofakayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokuwa kwemishini kufanele lilawulwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuphakamisa nokuthutha kuyilapho kugcinwa ukunemba kokufakwa kwemishini nokusebenza kokusebenza.

2. Isihluthulelo sokuqaqa
(1) Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Njengoba isiteshi setiyela siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sikhulu, kufanele kwakhiwe uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuhlakaza nokuhlanganisa ngokusekelwe endaweni yaso kanye nezimo zangempela zasendaweni ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa nokuhlanganiswa, futhi ukwaziswa okuphelele nokuqondile kwamakhono okuphepha kufanele kwenziwe kubasebenzi abahililekile. ukuhlakaza nokuhlanganisa.

Ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa, ukubukeka kwemishini yesiteshi se-asphalt kanye nezinsiza zayo kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kubhaliswe, futhi ukuqondiswa kwemishini kufanele kufakwe imephu ukuze kubhekwe kuyo ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Kufanele futhi usebenzisane nomkhiqizi ukuze unqamule futhi ukhiphe amandla, amanzi kanye nemithombo yomoya yezinto zokusebenza, futhi ukhiphe uwoyela wokuthambisa, okokupholisa kanye noketshezi lokuhlanza.

Ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa, isiteshi setiyela kufanele simakwe ngendlela engaguquguquki yokukhomba idijithali, futhi ezinye izimpawu kufanele zengezwe emishinini kagesi. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlukene zokuqaqa kufanele zicace futhi ziqine, futhi izimpawu zokubeka kanye nezindawo zokulinganisa isikali sokuma kufanele zimakwe ezindaweni ezifanele.

(2) Inqubo yokuhlakaza
Zonke izintambo nezintambo akumele zisikwe. Ngaphambi kokuqaqa izintambo, kufanele kwenziwe iziqhathaniso ezintathu (inombolo yocingo lwangaphakathi, inombolo yebhodi letheminali, nenombolo yocingo lwangaphandle). Kuphela ngemva kokuba isiqinisekiso sesilungile lapho izintambo namakhebuli kungahlukaniswa. Uma kungenjalo, izimpawu zezinombolo zocingo kufanele zilungiswe. Izintambo ezikhishiwe kufanele zimakwe ziqine, futhi lezo ezingenawo amamaki kufanele zifakwe izichibi ngaphambi kokuba zigqashulwe.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha okuhlobene kwemishini, imishini namathuluzi afanelekile kufanele asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuqaqa, futhi ukuhlakazwa okulimazayo akuvunyelwe. Amabhawodi akhishiwe, amantongomane kanye nezikhonkwane zokubeka indawo kufanele zigcotshwe futhi zigoqwe ngokushesha noma zifakwe endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka nokulahlekelwa.

Izingxenye ezihlakaziwe kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zingagqwali ngesikhathi, futhi zigcinwe ekhelini eliqokiwe. Ngemva kokuba impahla ihlakaziwe futhi ihlanganiswe, indawo kanye nemfucuza kufanele kuhlanzwe ngesikhathi.

3. Isihluthulelo sokuphakamisa
(1) Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ukusungula ithimba lemishini yesiteshi se-asphalt kanye nethimba lezokuthutha ukuze lihlele ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi bezokuthutha, ukuphakamisa izidingo zamakhono okuphepha emisebenzini yokuthutha nokuhamba, kanye nokwenza uhlelo lokuphakamisa. Hlola umzila wokuthutha wokudlulisa futhi uqonde ibanga lomgwaqo onguthelawayeka wokuthutha kanye nemikhawulo ephezulu kakhulu kanye nebanzi kakhulu ezigabeni zomgwaqo.

Abashayeli be-Crane nabaphakamisayo kufanele baphathe izitifiketi zokusebenza okukhethekile futhi babe nesipiliyoni sokusebenza esingaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. I-tonnage ye-crane kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zohlelo lokuphakamisa, ibe namapuleti elayisensi aphelele nezitifiketi, futhi iphumelele ukuhlolwa komnyango wendawo wokuqondisa wobuchwepheshe. Ama-Slings nama-spreaders ahlangabezana nezidingo futhi aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. Izinto zokuthutha kufanele zibe sesimweni esihle, futhi amapuleti elayisensi nezitifiketi kufanele ziphelele futhi zifaneleke.

(2) Ukuphakamisa nokuphakamisa
Izinqubo zokusebenza zokuphepha kufanele zilandelwe ngokuqinile phakathi nenqubo yokuphakamisa. Imisebenzi yokwenyusa esizeni kumele iqondiswe isisebenzi se-crane esizinikele, futhi abantu abaningi akumele baqondiswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sizohlomisa abahloli bezokuphepha besikhathi esigcwele ukuze basuse izinto ezingaphephile ngesikhathi esifanele.

Imisebenzi yokuphakamisa ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele igwenywe. Ukuze ugweme ukulimaza imishini ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa, izindawo zokuphakamisa ezifanele kufanele zikhethwe futhi ziphakanyiswe kancane futhi ngokucophelela. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela kufanele zithathwe lapho intambo yocingo ihlangana nempahla. Ama-Riggers kufanele agqoke izigqoko zokuzivikela kanye namabhande okuphepha lapho esebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho yezokuphepha.

Izisetshenziswa ezilayishwe ku-trailer kufanele ziboshwe ngezinto zokulala, onxantathu, izintambo zocingo namaketanga okwenziwa ngesandla ukuze zingawi ngesikhathi sokuthutha.

(3) Izinto zokuthutha umphakathi
Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ithimba eliqinisekisa ukuphepha elihlanganisa osebenza ngogesi oyedwa, abacoshi bomugqa ababili kanye nesikhulu sezokuphepha esi-1 kufanele sibe nesibopho sokuphepha kwezokuthutha ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ithimba eliqinisekisa ukuphepha kufanele lihlonyiswe ngamathuluzi adingekayo kanye nemishini yokuvula indlela phambi kohide lwezokuthutha. Faka izinombolo zemikhumbi ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi uqhubeke ngokulandelana kwezinombolo phakathi nohambo. Lapho izinto zokuthutha ezingakwazi ukugoqeka futhi umthamo wazo ungaphezu kwenani elishiwo, izimpawu ezibalulekile kufanele zimiswe endaweni engaphezulu, kulenga amafulegi abomvu emini namalambu abomvu alengiswa ebusuku.

Phakathi nayo yonke ingxenye yomgwaqo, umshayeli weloli elidonsayo kufanele alandele imiyalelo yethimba eliqinisekisa ukuphepha, athobele imithetho yomgwaqo, ashayele ngokucophelela, futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kokushayela. Ithimba eliqinisekisa ukuphepha kufanele lihlole ukuthi impahla iboshelwe ngokuqinile yini nokuthi imoto isesimweni esihle yini. Uma kutholakala noma iyiphi ingozi engaphephile, kufanele iqedwe ngokushesha noma uthinte isikhulu esilawulayo. Akuvunyelwe ukushayela ngokungasebenzi kahle noma ubungozi bezokuphepha.

Ungayilandeli eduze kakhulu imoto ngenkathi i-convoy ihamba. Emigwaqweni ewuthelawayeka evamile, ibanga eliphephile elingaba ngu-100m kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwezimoto; emigwaqweni emikhulu, ibanga eliphephile elingama-200m kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwezimoto. Uma i-convoy idlula imoto ehamba kancane, umshayeli wemoto edlulayo kufanele abe nesibopho sokubika izimo zomgwaqo ngaphambili emotweni ngemuva futhi aqondise imoto ngemuva ukuze idlule. Ungadluli ngenkani ngaphandle kokususa izimo zomgwaqo ongaphambili.

Imikhumbi ingakhetha indawo efanelekile yokuphumula isikhashana ngokuvumelana nezimo zokushayela. Uma imiswa okwesikhashana esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, icela indlela, njll., umshayeli nabagibeli bemoto ngayinye abavunyelwe ukuphuma emotweni. Uma imoto imiswa okwesikhashana, kudingeka ikhanyise amalambu ayo aphindwe kabili njengesexwayiso, kanti ezinye izimoto zinesibopho sokukhumbuza umshayeli ukuthi akhethe isivinini esifanelekile sokushayela.

4. Ukhiye wokufaka
(1) Izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo
Lungiselela indawo ngokohlelo lwaphansi lwemishini ukuze uqinisekise ukungena nokuphuma kahle kuzo zonke izimoto. Ama-anchor bolts emilenzeni yesakhiwo semishini yokuxuba kufanele akwazi ukuhamba ngokufanele emigodini yesisekelo ukuze alungise indawo yemilenze. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuphakamisa afanelekile ukuze ubeke izinto eziphumayo endaweni, futhi ufake izinduku zokuxhuma eziqongweni zama-outrigger. Thela udaka emgodini wesisekelo. Ngemva kokuba usimende uqina, faka ama-washers namantongomane kuma-bolts wehange bese uqinisa imilenze endaweni.

(2) Izisetshenziswa namadivayisi
Ukufaka iplatifomu engezansi, sebenzisa i-crane ukuze uphakamise inkundla engezansi yesakhiwo ukuze iwele kuma-outriggers. Faka izikhonkwane zokumisa ezimbotsheni ezihambisanayo epuleti elingaphansi leplatifomu futhi uvikele amabhawodi.

Faka ikheshi lezinto ezishisayo bese uphakamisa ikheshi lezinto ezishisayo ulimise lime mpo, bese ubeka iphansi lalo phezu kwesisekelo bese ufaka izinduku zokuyisekela namabhawudi ukuze uyivimbele ukuthi inganyakazi futhi ijikeleze. Bese uqondanisa i-chute yayo yokukhipha nembobo yokuxhumana esembozweni sokuvala uthuli sesikrini esidlidlizayo.

Faka isigubhu esomisayo. Phakamisa isigubhu sokumisa endaweni bese ufaka imilenze nezinduku zokusekela. Vula ikhava yokuvala uthuli kusikheshi sezinto ezishisayo, bese uxhuma i-chute yokukhipha isigubhu esomile ne-chute yokuphakelayo yekheshi lezinto ezishisayo. Ngokulungisa ukuphakama kwemilenze enwebekayo ekugcineni kwesiphakeli sesigubhu esomisayo, i-engeli etshekile yesigubhu esomisayo iyalungiswa endaweni. Phakamisa i-burner ku-flange yokufaka futhi uqinise ama-bolts okufaka, futhi uyilungise endaweni efanele.

Faka i-conveyor yebhande elitshekile nesikrini esidlidlizayo bese uphakamisa isihambisi sebhande elitshekile endaweni ukuze lixhunywe nomkhombe wokuphakelayo wesigubhu esomisayo. Uma ufaka isikrini esidlidlizayo, indawo yaso kufanele ilungiswe ukuze kuvinjwe okokusebenza ukuthi kungaphambuki, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikrini esidlidlizayo sitsheke nge-engeli edingekayo ohlangothini lobude.

Ukuze ufake ingxenye ngayinye yohlelo lwetiyela, phakamisa iphampu yetiyela enechassis ezimele endaweni, xhuma idivayisi ethangini le-asphalt insulation kanye nomzimba wemishini yokuxuba, bese ufaka i-valve yokukhipha endaweni engezansi yepayipi lokungena kwephampu ye-asphalt. Ipayipi lokuthutha i-asphalt kufanele lifakwe nge-engeli, futhi i-angle yayo yokuthambekela akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-5 ° ukuze i-asphalt ikwazi ukuhamba kahle. Lapho ufaka amapayipi e-asphalt, ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kuqinisekise ukuhamba kahle kwezimoto ngaphansi kwawo.

I-valve ye-asphalt yezindlela ezintathu itholakala ngaphezu kwe-asphalt enesisindo se-hopper. Ngaphambi kokufaka, susa iqhude ku-valve, faka uphawu olubushelelezi olumise okwenduku emzimbeni we-valve, ulibuyisele futhi uqinise iqhude.

Ukufakwa kwezintambo nokufakwa kwezinto zikagesi kumele kwenziwe ngochwepheshe bakagesi.

5. Isihluthulelo sokugcina
Uma okokusebenza kudingeka kuvalwe isikhathi eside ukuze kugcinwe, indawo kufanele ihlelwe futhi ilinganiswe ngaphambi kokugcinwa ukuze kugcinwe imizila engenayo nephumayo icacile.

Ngaphambi kokugcina izinto zokusebenza, umsebenzi olandelayo kufanele wenziwe njengoba kudingeka: susa ukugqwala, inqwaba futhi umboze okokusebenza, kanye nokuhlola, ukuhlola, ukugcina nokuvikela yonke imishini yokwakha, amathuluzi okuhlola, okokuhlanza nezinto zokuvikela abasebenzi; khipha izinto zokuxuba Zonke izinto ezingaphakathi; ukunqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuvimbela okokusebenza ukuthi kuqale ngephutha; sebenzisa itheyiphu yokuzivikela ukuze ubophe i-tape efana ne-V, futhi usebenzise amafutha ukuze ugqoke uchungechunge lokudlulisela kanye namabhawodi alungisekayo;

Vikela uhlelo lwegesi ngokwezidingo zemiyalelo yesistimu yegesi; vala indawo yokukhipha ushimula wokukhipha isigubhu okomisa ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi emvula ukuthi angangeni. Phakathi nenqubo yokugcina impahla, umuntu ozinikele kufanele aqokwe ukuba agade okokusebenza, ahlanze futhi anakekele njalo, futhi agcine amarekhodi.