i-atural bitumen: I-petroleum icindezelwa uqweqwe lomhlaba isikhathi eside emvelweni futhi ihlangana nomoya kanye nomswakama. Uwoyela wayo okhanyayo uyahwamuka kancane kancane, futhi itiyela le-petroleum elakhiwe ngokugxila kanye ne-oxidation ngokuvamile lixutshwa nengxenye ethile yamaminerali. Ibitumen yemvelo ingahlukaniswa ibe yibitumen yechibi, i-rock bitumen, i-submarine bitumen, i-oil shale, njll ngokusho kwendawo eyakhiwe kuyo.
Ibitumen yedwala iyinto efana nebitumene etholakala ku-petroleum yasendulo engena emifantwini yamadwala, futhi ngemva kwamakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka yokumiswa, ukuguqulwa, ukukhangiswa, nokuhlanganisa, ngaphansi kwemiphumela ehlanganisiwe yamandla okushisa, ingcindezi, i-oxidation, ama-catalysts, amagciwane, njll.

Ibitumen eguquliwe ye-rock isebenzisa i-rock bitumen njengesilungisi futhi ihlanganiswa nebitumen ye-matrix ngokwesilinganiso esithile sokuxuba. Itiyela elishintshiwe likhiqizwa ngezinqubo ezinjengokuxuba, ukugunda, nokuthuthukiswa. Ibizwa nge-NMB.
Ingxube yebitumen eguquliwe yedwala iyingxube ekhiqizwa inqubo "emanzi" esekelwe "kwibitumen eguquliwe yedwala" noma ingxube ekhiqizwe inqubo "eyomile" esekelwe "ukuguqulwa kwebitumen yedwala".
Inqubo ethi "Dry method" inqubo "Dry method" isho ukuthi emva kokuthela izinto ezimbiwa phansi ebhodweni lokuxutshwa, i-rock bitumen modifier yengezwa ebhodweni lokuxutshwa bese ihlanganiswa nezinto ezimbiwa phansi zome isikhathi esithile, bese ifafazwa phakathi. i-matrix ye-bitumen yenqubo yokuhlanganisa ingxube ye-bitumen emanzi.
Inqubo “yendlela emanzi” Inqubo “yendlela yokumanzi” isho ukuthi isilungisi sebitumen yedwala kanye nebitumen esezingeni lokushisa elithile kuyahlanganiswa kuqala, kugundwe, bese kwenziwa itiyela eliqediwe elilungisiwe, bese lifafazwa ebhodweni lokuxutshwa ukuze kuxutshwe nalo. insimbi. Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ingxube yebitumen.