[1]. I-EVA modified bitumen EVA inokuhambisana okuhle nebitumen futhi ingancibilika futhi ihlakazwe kubitumen eshisayo ngaphandle komshini we-colloid noma ukucutshungulwa komshini wokushefa okuphezulu, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaphrojekthi okugaywa kwetiyela e-Afrika asetshenziswe kaningi, ngakho ozakwabo basekhaya bayakhunjuzwa ukuba banake.
[2]. I-viscosity ephezulu, ukunwebeka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu okuguquliwe. I-viscosity yetiyela kanye nokuqina kokuhlolwa kufaneleka kakhulu ku-bitumen eguquliwe ye-SBR, kodwa uma isetshenziselwa i-bitumen eguquliwe ephezulu, ukudilizwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka, okwenza ukuhlola kungenzeki. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa umshini wokuhlola izinto ezibonakalayo ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-viscosity kanye nokuqina kwe-bitumen eguquliwe kakhulu, ukurekhoda ijika le-stress-strain, futhi usebenzise indlela yokuhlanganisa ukuze ubale imiphumela yokuhlolwa kalula. 3. Itiyela ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe yenjoloba enezinga eliphezulu Ngenani eliphakeme lekhabhoni kanye nokwakhiwa kwemigomo yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola kubalulekile. Imboni yamasondo ibhekene nenkinga "yokukhiqiza ngobuningi kanye nokumosha izinto eziningi" kusukela yasungulwa futhi yakhiqizwa. Amathayi adinga ukusetshenziswa okuqondile noma okungaqondile kwemithombo yemvelo namandla kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya ekusetshenzisweni, okubangela inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yamathayi yikhabhoni, futhi ngisho namathayi alahliwe anekhabhoni engaphezu kuka-80%. Amathayi alahlwayo angakwazi ukubuyisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezisetshenziswayo namandla, alungise ikhabhoni ibe yimikhiqizo, futhi afinyelele inhloso yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola. Amathayi emfucuza ayizinto ezinwebekayo ze-polymer okunzima kakhulu ukuwehlisa. Zinokunwebeka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina futhi cishe azikho izinguquko zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali ezenzeka ebangeni lokushisa lika -50C kuya ku-150C. Ngakho-ke, uma zivunyelwe ukuwohloka ngokwemvelo emhlabathini, zizokwenza Ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinga lokukhula kwezitshalo, inqubo ingathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-500. Inani elikhulu lamathayi alahlwayo anqwabelene ngokunganaki futhi athatha indawo enkulu, evimbela ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunqwabelana kwamanzi isikhathi eside kumathayi kuzozala omiyane futhi kusakaze izifo, kubangele izingozi ezicashile empilweni yabantu.
Ngemva kokuchoboza amathayi emfucumfucu abe yimpushana yenjoloba, ibitumen eguquliwe enenjoloba enezinga eliphezulu (kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi itiyela lenjoloba) kukhiqizwa ukuze kugandaywe umgwaqo, kuqashelwe ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza, kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza komgwaqo, kunwebe kakhulu impilo yomgwaqo, futhi kunciphise nezindleko zomgwaqo. . Utshalomali Lokwakha.
[3]. Kungani “iyibitumene ehlanganisiwe yenjoloba ephezulu yokuqukethwe”?
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi ukumelana nokuqhekeka
Irabha kumfucumfucu werabha yerabha inezinga lokushisa elinwebekayo elibanzi elisebenza, ngakho-ke ingxube yetiyela isengakwazi ukugcina isimo sokusebenza esinwebekayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ibambezele ukwenzeka kokuqhekeka okunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi izinze impushana yerabha enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa endaweni. itiyela, elikhulisa kakhulu i-viscosity yetiyela, okwandisa iphuzu lokuthambisa futhi lithuthukise kakhulu ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwebitumen nezingxube. Ingxube yebitumen yezinga lokuphuka elimelene nokushibilika nomsindo enciphisa ukuphuka inokujula okukhulu kwesakhiwo nokusebenza okuhle kokuvimbela ukushushuluza endaweni yomgwaqo.
Ibitume lerabha linganciphisa umsindo wokushayela ngama-decibel angu-3 kuya kwangu-8 futhi lihlala isikhathi eside. Impushana yerabha yamasondo angcolile iqukethe ama-antioxidants, iziqinisi ukushisa, izinto ezivikela ukukhanya kanye ne-carbon black. Ukwengeza itiyela kungabambezela kakhulu ukuguga kwetiyela futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yengxube. Ukuqina kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi zamathani angu-10,000 etiyela enjoloba kudinga ukusetshenziswa okungenani kwamasondo alahlwayo angu-50,000, konga amathani angu-2,000 kuya kwangu-5,000 etiyela. Izinga lokugaywa kabusha kwensiza kadoti liphezulu, ukonga amandla kanye nomphumela wokuvikelwa kwemvelo kusobala, izindleko ziphansi, ukunethezeka kuhle, kanye ne-elastomer pavement ihlukile kwezinye izindlela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzinza nokunethezeka, kungcono.
Ikhabhoni emnyama ingagcina umbala omnyama wendawo yomgwaqo isikhathi eside, ngokungafani okuphezulu nezimpawu kanye nokungeniswa okuhle okubonakalayo. 5. Uwoyela webitumen rock modified bitumen usushintshe amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka yokuguquka kwenhlabathi emifantwini yamadwala. Iba nezinguquko ekushiseni, ekucindezelweni, ekufakweni kwe-oxidation, nasekuncibilikeni. Izinto ezinjengetiyela ezikhiqizwe ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe semidiya namagciwane. Iwuhlobo lwebitumen yemvelo. Amanye amabitume emvelo ahlanganisa ibitumen yechibi, i-bitumen ehamba ngaphansi kolwandle, njll.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali: Isisindo samangqamuzana e-asphaltene etiyela lamadwala sisukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-asphaltenes kungu-81.7% we-carbon, 7.5% hydrogen, 2.3% oxygen, 1.95% nitrogen, 4.4% sulfur, 1.1% aluminium, kanye ne-silicon engu-0.18%. nezinye izinsimbi 0.87%. Phakathi kwazo, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni, i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, nesibabule kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Cishe yonke i-macromolecule ye-asphaltene iqukethe amaqembu asebenzayo e-polar wezakhi ezingenhla, okubangela ukuthi ikhiqize amandla anamandla kakhulu e-adsorption ebusweni bedwala. Isizukulwane nemvelaphi: Ibitume ledwala likhiqizwa emifantwini yamadwala. Ububanzi bemifantu buncane kakhulu, amashumi amasentimitha kuphela ukuya kumamitha amaningana, futhi ukujula kungafinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhulu amamitha.
1. I-Buton rock bitumen (BRA): ikhiqizwa e-Buton Island (BUTON), Isifundazwe saseSulawesi, e-Indonesia, eNingizimu Pacific
2. Ibitumeni yedwala laseNyakatho Melika: I-UINTAITE (Igama lohwebo lase-US elithi Gilsonite) Ibitumen eqinile yaseNyakatho Melika etholakala e-Uintah Basin engxenyeni esempumalanga yeJudiya, enyakatho ye-United States.
3. Ibitume le-Iranian rock: I-Qingdao inohlu lwesikhathi eside.
[4]. I-Sichuan Qingchuan Rock Bitumen: Itholwe esiFundazweni sase-Qingchuan, eSifundazweni saseSichuan ngo-2003, ifakazele izinqolobane ezingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.4 kanye nezinqolobane ezingaba khona ezingaphezu kwamathani ayizigidi ezingama-30. IngekaShandong Expressway.5. Imayini yebitumen yedwala etholwe yi-137th Regiment of the 7th Agricultural Division ye-Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps e-Urho, eKaramay, eXinjiang ngo-2001 iyimayini yokuqala yebitumen yemvelo yokuqala eyatholwa e-China. Ukusetshenziswa kanye nohlobo:
1. Faka ngqo kusilinda sokuxuba sesiteshi sokuxuba itiyela.
2. Indlela ye-ejenti ephezulu ye-modulus, qala ngokugaya impushana, bese wengeza itiyela le-matrix njengesilungisi.
3. I-Rubber powder compounding
4. Hlukanisa isihlabathi samafutha futhi uhlanganise okuqukethwe kwe-asphaltene. 5. Xhuma nesiteshi sokuxuba ukuze wengeze imibono emisha yohlelo lokusebenza ku-inthanethi:
1. Isetshenziselwa isendlalelo sesisekelo esivumelana nezimo;
2. Isetshenziselwa ukugandaywa kwemigwaqo yasemakhaya;
3. Hlanganisa nezinto ezigaywe kabusha (i-RAP) ukuze kuvuselelwe ukushisa;
4. Sebenzisa i-activator yetiyela ukuze uhlanganise itiyela eliwuketshezi bese uyixuba ukuze uyihlanganise phezulu.
5. High modulus asphalt
6. Ukhonkolo we-asphalt