Isitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo se-asphalt siyinto ebalulekile ekwakhiweni komgwaqo omkhulu. Ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bemishini, ugesi kanye ne-automation. Umthamo wokukhiqiza wesitshalo sokuxuba ukhonkolo we-asphalt (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi isitshalo se-asphalt), izinga lokuzenzakalela kanye nokunemba kokulinganisa kwesistimu yokulawula, kanye nezinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla manje ngokuyisisekelo libe yizici eziyinhloko zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo.
Ngokombono obanzi, ukufakwa kwezitshalo ze-asphalt ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwesisekelo, ukufakwa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ngomshini, ukufakwa kwesistimu kagesi nokulungisa iphutha, ukushisa kwe-asphalt nokufakwa kwamapayipi. Isakhiwo sensimbi semishini singafakwa ngesinyathelo esisodwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi isisekelo sesitshalo se-asphalt sakhiwe kahle, futhi izinguquko ezimbalwa kanye nezinguquko zizokwenziwa ekukhiqizeni okulandelayo. Ukushisa kwe-asphalt nokufakwa kwamapayipi ikakhulukazi kusebenzela ukufudumeza kwe-asphalt. Umsebenzi wokufaka ngokuyinhloko uncike emishinini yokugcina nokushisa i-asphalt. Ekukhiqizeni, ukwethembeka kokudluliselwa kukagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukukhiqizwa okuvamile kwezitshalo ze-asphalt. Lesi sihloko sigxile kuphela ekufakweni nasekugcinweni kwesistimu yokulawula kagesi ye-asphalt mixer. Ihlanganiswe nesimo sangempela esizeni, ixoxa kafushane ngamaphuzu amane ayisihluthulelo okufakwa nokugcinwa kwesistimu kagesi ye-asphalt mixer, futhi ixoxe futhi ifunde nontanga.
(1) Ujwayelene nesistimu, ujwayelene nezimiso, izintambo ezifanele, nokuxhumana okuhle kwezintambo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isitshalo se-asphalt sifakiwe noma sithuthelwe endaweni entsha yokwakha, ochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi bokulungisa ababambe iqhaza ekufakweni kukagesi kumele baqale bajwayelane nemodi yokulawula kanye nemigomo yalo lonke uhlelo lukagesi olusekelwe enqubweni yokusebenza ye-asphalt mixer, njengoba kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesistimu nezinye izingxenye zokulawula ezibalulekile. Umsebenzi othize we-cylinder wenza ukufakwa kwe-cylinder kube lula.
Lapho i-wiring, ngokusho kwemidwebo kanye nezikhundla zokufakwa kwezingxenye zikagesi, zigxilwe kusukela engxenyeni ye-peripheral kuya kuyunithi ngayinye yokulawula noma ukusuka ku-periphery kuya ekamelweni lokulawula. Kumelwe kukhethwe izindlela ezifanele zokuhlelwa kwezintambo, futhi izintambo zamanje ezibuthakathaka nezintambo zesignali zamanje eziqinile ziyadingeka ukuze zihlelwe ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Isistimu kagesi yesitshalo sokuxuba ihlanganisa amandla amanje aqinile, amanje abuthakathaka, i-AC, DC, amasignali edijithali, namasignali e-analog. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lezi zimpawu zikagesi zingadluliswa ngempumelelo nangokuthembekile, iyunithi yokulawula ngayinye noma ingxenye kagesi ingakhipha amasignali okulawula alungile ngesikhathi esifanele. Futhi ingakwazi ukushayela ngokuthembekile i-actuator ngayinye, futhi ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka kwesifunda sikagesi kunomthelela omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokufaka, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhuma endaweni ngayinye ye-wiring kunokwethenjelwa futhi izingxenye zikagesi zifakwe futhi ziqiniswe.
Amayunithi okulawula amakhulu abaxube be-asphalt ngokuvamile asebenzisa amakhompyutha ezimboni noma ama-PLC (izilawuli ezinengqondo ezihlelekayo). Izinqubo zabo zokulawula ngokuyisisekelo zisekelwe kumjikelezo wangaphakathi othola amasiginali wokufaka kagesi ahlangabezana nobudlelwano obuthile obunengqondo, bese ekhipha amasiginali ngokushesha ahlangabezana nobudlelwano obuthile obunengqondo. Amasignali kagesi ashayela ama-relay noma amanye amayunithi kagesi noma izingxenye. Ukusebenza kwalezi zingxenye ezinembayo ngokuvamile kuyethembekile uma kuqhathaniswa. Uma iphutha lenzeka phakathi nokusebenza noma ukulungisa iphutha, qala uhlole ukuthi wonke amasiginali okufakwayo akhona, bese uhlola ukuthi wonke amasignali okukhiphayo adingekayo ayatholakala yini nokuthi ayaphuma ngokwezidingo ezinengqondo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, inqobo nje uma isignali yokufaka isebenza futhi ithembekile futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zomqondo, isignali yokuphumayo izokhishwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zedizayini yangaphakathi yohlelo, ngaphandle uma ikhanda lezintambo (i-wiring plug-in board) likhululekile noma i-peripheral. izingxenye namasekhethi ahlobene nalawa mayunithi okulawula anephutha. Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezikhethekile, izingxenye zangaphakathi zeyunithi zingase zonakaliswe noma ibhodi lesifunda lingahluleka.
(2) Yenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuvikelweni komhlaba (noma ukungabikho kwe-zero) kwesistimu kagesi, futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle ekuvikeleni umbani phansi kwawo wonke umshini kanye nesivikelo senzwa
Ngokombono wesistimu yokubeka phansi amandla kagesi, uma amandla okunikezwa kwamandla amukela uhlelo lwe-TT, lapho kufakwa isiteshi sokuxuba, uhlaka lwensimbi lwesiteshi sokuxuba kanye negobolondo lekhabhinethi kagesi legumbi lokulawula kufanele lisekelwe ngokuthembekile ukuze livikeleke. Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kusebenzisa indinganiso ye-TN-C, lapho sifaka isiteshi sokuxuba, kufanele sigxilise ngokuthembekile uhlaka lwensimbi lwesiteshi sokuxuba kanye negobolondo lekhabhinethi kagesi yegumbi lokulawula futhi sixhume ngokuthembekile ku-zero. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlaka lwe-conductive lwesiteshi sokuxuba lungenziwa. Ukuvikelwa kuxhunywe ku-zero, futhi umugqa ongathathi hlangothi wesistimu kagesi wesiteshi sokuxuba usekelwe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kusebenzisa izinga le-TN-S (noma i-TN-C-S), lapho sifaka isiteshi sokuxuba, sidinga kuphela ukuxhuma ngokuthembekile uhlaka lwensimbi lwesiteshi sokuxuba kanye negobolondo lekhabhinethi likagesi legumbi lokulawula emgqeni wokuvikela ugesi. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iluphi uhlelo lokuphakela amandla, ukumelana nesisekelo sephoyinti eliphansi akumele kube kukhulu kuno-4Ω.
Ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi indawo yokuxuba ingalinyazwa umbani, lapho ufaka indawo yokuxuba, kufanele kufakwe induku yombani endaweni yokuxuba, futhi zonke izingxenye zesiteshi sokuxuba kufanele zibe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuvikela esebenzayo induku yombani. Ikhondaktha ephansi yenduku yombani kufanele kube intambo yethusi enesiphambano esingekho ngaphansi kuka-16mm2 kanye nomgodla wokuvikela ovikelwe. Indawo okugxilwa kuyo kufanele ibe kude okungenani okungama-20m ukusuka kwezinye izindawo zokusekela zesiteshi sokuxutshwa endaweni engenabantu abahamba ngezinyawo noma izinsiza, futhi indawo yaphansi kufanele iqinisekiswe ukuthi ingaphansi Ukumelana nomhlaba kungaphansi kuka-30Ω.
Lapho ufaka isiteshi sokuxuba, izintambo ezivikelwe zazo zonke izinzwa kufanele zibe phansi ngokuthembekile. Leli phuzu eliphansi lingaphinda lixhume intambo yaphansi yeyunithi yokulawula. Kodwa-ke, leli phuzu lesisekelo lihlukile endaweni eyisivikelo eyisisekelo kanye nokuvikelwa kokulwa nokungena okukhulunywe ngenhla. Iphuzu eliphansi lombani, leli phuzu eliphansi kufanele okungenani libe ngu-5m ukusuka endaweni eyisivikelo yendawo eqondile emgqeni oqondile, futhi ukumelana nomhlaba akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-4Ω.
(3) Yenza umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokucophelela
Lapho isitshalo sokuxuba sihlanganiswa okokuqala, ukulungisa iphutha kungase kudinge umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi, ngoba izinkinga eziningi zingase zitholakale ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha, njengamaphutha ezintambo, izingxenye ezingalungile noma izilungiselelo zepharamitha yeyunithi yokulawula, izindawo ezingafanele zokufaka izingxenye, ukulimala kwengxenye, njll. Isizathu, isizathu esiqondile, kufanele sahlulelwe futhi silungiswe noma silungiswe ngokusekelwe emidwebeni, izimo zangempela kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ngemva kokuba indikimba eyinhloko yesiteshi sokuxuba kanye nesistimu kagesi ifakwe endaweni, umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokucophelela kufanele wenziwe. Okokuqala, qala ngenjini eyodwa kanye nesenzo esisodwa sokulawula mathupha ukuhlolwa okungalayishi. Uma kunenkinga, hlola ukuthi isekethe kanye nezingxenye zikagesi zijwayelekile. Uma injini eyodwa inesenzo esisodwa, zama ukusebenza. Uma konke kujwayelekile, ungafaka imanuwali noma ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo kokungalayishi kwamanye amayunithi. Uma konke kujwayelekile, bese ufaka ukuhlolwa okuzenzakalelayo okungalayishwa kuwo wonke umshini. Ngemva kokuqeda le misebenzi, yenza ukuhlola okugcwele komshini wokulayisha. Ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi wokulungisa iphutha, kungashiwo ukuthi umsebenzi wokufakwa kwesiteshi sokuxuba usuqediwe ngokuyisisekelo futhi isiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt sinamandla okukhiqiza.