Njengamanje, imboni yomhlaba wonke yokwakha imigwaqo emikhulu isithuthukiswe kakhulu, amamaki emigwaqo emikhulu nawo akhula njalo, futhi kunezidingo ezikhuphukayo zekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa i-asphalt pavement, ikhwalithi ye-pavement kufanele iqinisekiswe, futhi Ikhwalithi ye-asphalt pavement ithintwa ukusebenza kwemishini yokuxuba. Emsebenzini wansuku zonke, amanye amaphutha avame ukwenzeka ezitshalweni ezixutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo kufanele zithathwe ukubhekana namaphutha ukuze isitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt sisebenze ngokujwayelekile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ye-asphalt pavement.
[1]. Umgomo wokusebenza wesiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt
Imishini yokuxuba ingxube ye-asphalt ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili, okuyizikhawu neziqhubekayo. Njengamanje, imishini yokuxuba ngezikhathi ezithile ivame ukusetshenziswa ezweni lethu. Lapho igumbi lokulawula elimaphakathi likhipha umyalo, ama-aggregate emgqonyeni wezinto ezibandayo azongena ngokuzenzakalelayo emgqonyeni wezinto ezishisayo, bese kuthi impahla ngayinye ikalwe, bese izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizofakwa kusilinda sokuxuba ngokwesilinganiso esishiwo. Ekugcineni, umkhiqizo ophelile uyakhiwa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zithululwa emotweni yokuthutha, bese zisetshenziswa. Le nqubo ingumgomo wokusebenza wesitshalo sokuxuba izikhawu. Isitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt esiphakathi singalawula ngempumelelo ukuthuthwa nokomiswa kwama-aggregates, ngisho nokuthuthwa kwetiyela.
[2]. Ukulawula ukuxuba i-asphalt
2.1 Ukulawulwa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-coarse mineral material iwubhuqu, futhi ububanzi bayo bezinhlayiyana ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-2.36mm no-25mm. Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo ikakhulukazi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuhlangana kwezinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kusebenze kahle Ukumelana nokugudluzwa, amandla okungqubuzana kufanele asetshenziswe ngokugcwele. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, i-aggregate eqinile kufanele igaywe ibe yizinhlayiya ze-cubic.
2.2 Ukulawulwa kwetiyela
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-asphalt, izinkomba ezihlukahlukene kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi ifanelekile ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe ngokusemthethweni ekwakhiweni. Lapho ukhetha ibanga le-asphalt, kufanele uphenye isimo sezulu sendawo. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi, kufanele ukhethe i-asphalt enebanga eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-asphalt enezinga eliphezulu inokungaguquguquki okuphansi kanye nokungena okukhulu. Izokwandisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-asphalt pavement. Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, ungqimba olungaphezulu lomgwaqo ludinga ukuba i-asphalt encane kakhulu, futhi izingqimba ezimaphakathi nezingaphansi zomgwaqo kufanele zisebenzise i-asphalt eminyene. Lokhu akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwe-asphalt pavement, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ikhono layo lokumelana ne-rutting.
2.3 Ukulawulwa kwama-aggregate amahle
Ukuhlanganisa okuhle ngokuvamile kubhekisela etsheni eliphukile, futhi ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana zalo busukela ku-0.075mm ukuya ku-2.36mm. Ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe ekwakhiweni, kufanele ihlanzwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka kwempahla.
2.4 Ukulawula izinga lokushisa
Phakathi nenqubo yokubeka, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile futhi imisebenzi kufanele yenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa. Uma ushisisa i-asphalt, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga lokushisa layo liphakathi kuka-150 ° C no-170 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lezinto ezimbiwa phansi kufanele libe ngaphansi kunokushisa kwalo. Izinga lokushisa lengxube ngaphambi kokusuka embonini kufanele lilawulwe phakathi kuka-140°C no-155°C, futhi izinga lokushisa lokugandaya libe phakathi kuka-135°C no-150°C. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligadwe ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ububanzi, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilungiswe. Yenza ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yekhonkrithi ye-asphalt.
2.5 Ukulawulwa kwe-mix ratio
Ukuze ulawule isilinganiso sezithako, ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kunqunywe inani le-asphalt elisetshenzisiwe. Izinto zamaminerali kufanele zishiswe, futhi izinto zamaminerali ezishisayo kufanele zithunyelwe ku-cylinder yangaphandle kanye ne-silo yangaphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izithako kufanele zengezwe futhi zixutshwe kahle, futhi ingxube kufanele ihlolwe ukuze kuzuzwe isilinganiso esidingekayo sokuxuba. Isikhathi sokuxuba sengxube ngokuvamile sidlula imizuzwana engu-45, kodwa asikwazi ukudlula imizuzwana engu-90, futhi kufanele sihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo phakathi nenqubo yokuxuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinkomba ezihlukahlukene zihlangabezana nezidingo.
[3]. Ukuxazulula inkinga esiteshini sokuxuba itiyela
3.1 Ukuxazulula inkinga kwezinzwa nezinto ezibandayo zokudlulisa izinto
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kwesiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt, uma izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingangeziwe ngokwemithethonqubo, zingabangela ukuthi inzwa ingasebenzi kahle, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte ukudluliselwa kwesignali nokuhlolwa. Uma ibhande lejubane eliguquguqukayo lima, injini yebhande lejubane eliguquguqukayo ingase ingasebenzi kahle, futhi ingase ibangele ukushelela kwebhande kanye nokwehluleka ukuchezuka komgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, ibhande kufanele lihlolwe njalo. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ibhande litholakala likhululekile. Lo mkhuba kufanele kubhekwane nawo kusenesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi idivayisi ingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile.
3.2 Ukuxazulula inkinga yengcindezi engemihle
Ukucindezela komkhathi ngaphakathi kwesigubhu esomisayo yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ingcindezi engalungile. Ingcindezi engemihle ivamise ukuthintwa yizici ezimbili, okungabalandeli abakhangwayo kanye nezifutha. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela okuhle, uthuli olusesigubhu lungandiza luphume luzungeze isigubhu, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, ngakho-ke ukucindezela okungalungile kufanele kulawulwe.
Umsindo ongavamile we-mixer ungase ubangelwe ukugcwala okuphazima kweso komhlanganisi, ngakho-ke kufanele usethwe kabusha ngesikhathi. Uma ingalo yokuxuba nepuleti lonogada langaphakathi konakele, kufanele kushintshwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isihlanganisi singakwazi ukuhlangana ngokujwayelekile.
3.3 Isishisi asikwazi ukuthungela futhi sishise ngokujwayelekile
Uma kunenkinga nge-burner, i-compressor ye-air conditioning kufanele iqale ihlole ingaphakathi legumbi lokuhlinza ukuze ibone ukuthi izimo zokuthungela zijwayelekile yini. Uma lezi zimo zivamile, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi uphethiloli wanele yini noma ukuthi i-passage kaphethiloli ivinjiwe. Uma inkinga itholakala , kuyadingeka ukwengeza uphethiloli noma ukuhlanza umzila ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile komshini wokushisa.
[4] Isiphetho
Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokusebenza kwesiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt akukwazi nje ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi, kodwa futhi kunciphise ngempumelelo izindleko zephrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuphumelelayo isiteshi sokuxuba i-asphalt. Uma iphutha litholwa, kufanele kubhekwane nalo ngesikhathi, ukuze Kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokhonkolo wetiyela futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho.