I-Asphalt iyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi ensundu ngokumnyama eyakhiwe ngama-hydrocarbons anesisindo samangqamuzana ahlukene kanye nokuphuma kwawo okungezona ezensimbi. Iwuhlobo lwe-high-viscosity organic liquid. Iwuketshezi, inobuso obumnyama, futhi iyancibilika ku-carbon disulfide. Ukusetshenziswa kwetiyela: Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengengqalasizinda, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namafutha. Izindawo zayo ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa ezokuthutha (imigwaqo, izitimela, izindiza, njll.), ukwakhiwa, ezolimo, amaphrojekthi okonga amanzi, imboni (imboni yokukhipha, yokukhiqiza), ukusetshenziswa komphakathi, njll. umnyango.

Izinhlobo ze-asphalt:
1. Ithayela letiyela lamalahle, itiyela lamalahle liwumkhiqizo ophuma ku-coking, okungukuthi, into emnyama esele kugedlela lokukhipha i-distillation ngemva kokukhishwa kwetiyela. Ihluke kuphela kunetiyela elicwengekile ezindaweni ezibonakalayo, futhi awukho umngcele osobala. Indlela evamile yokuhlukanisa iwukucacisa ukuthi lezo ezinephuzu lokuthambisa elingaphansi kuka-26.7°C (indlela ye-cubic) ziyitiyela, futhi ezingaphezulu kuka-26.7°C ziyitiyela. Ithayela lamalahle liqukethe ikakhulukazi i-anthracene ephikisayo, i-phenanthrene, i-pyrene, njll. Lezi zinto zinobuthi, futhi ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwalezi zingxenye, izici zetiyela lamalahle nazo zihlukile. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kunomthelela omkhulu ekujuleni kwetiyela yamalahle. Ijwayele ukuba brittleness ebusika futhi ithambe ehlobo. Inephunga elikhethekile uma ishisa; ngemva kwamahora angu-5 okushisa ku-260 ° C, i-anthracene, i-phenanthrene, i-pyrene nezinye izingxenye eziqukethwe kuyo zizoshintshashintsha.

2. Itiyela le-petroleum. I-petroleum asphalt iyinsalela ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-distillation kawoyela ongahluziwe. Kuye ngezinga lokucwenga, iba uketshezi, i-semi-solid noma iqine ekamelweni lokushisa. I-Petroleum asphalt imnyama futhi iyacwebezela futhi inokuzwela okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa. Njengoba iye yahlanjululwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-400 ° C phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, iqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa kakhulu eziguquguqukayo, kodwa kungase kube khona ama-hydrocarbon ama-molecular aphezulu angazange avuthwe, futhi lezi zinto ziyingozi kakhulu noma encane empilweni yomuntu.

3. Itiyela lemvelo. Itiyela lemvelo ligcinwa ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi amanye akhe amatshe amaminerali noma anqwabelane phezu koqweqwe lomhlaba. Iningi lale asphalt liye laba ukuhwamuka kwemvelo kanye ne-oxidation, futhi ngokuvamile ayinabo ubuthi. Izinto ze-asphalt zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: i-asphalt yomhlabathi kanye ne-tar asphalt. I-asphalt ephansi ihlukaniswe i-asphalt yemvelo kanye ne-petroleum asphalt. Itiyela lemvelo liyinsalela ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside kanye nokuhwamuka kwamafutha aphuma emhlabathini; i-petroleum asphalt iwumkhiqizo otholakala ngokwelapha uwoyela osalayo osele ku-petroleum ecolisisiwe futhi ecutshunguliwe ngezinqubo ezifanele. . Ithayela liwumkhiqizo ocutshungulwe kabusha wetiyela otholakala ekufakweni kwe-carbonization yamalahle, izinkuni nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Iningi letiyela elisetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela i-petroleum asphalt, okuyingxube yama-hydrocarbon ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuphuma kwawo okungeyona eyensimbi. Ngokuvamile i-flash point ye-asphalt iphakathi kuka-240℃~330℃, futhi indawo yokuthungela icishe ibe ngu-3℃~6℃ ephakeme kune-flash point, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokwakha kufanele lilawulwe ngaphansi kwephuzu elikhanyayo.