Njengomgwaqo obalulekile wethrafikhi ohambweni lwethu lwansuku zonke, imigwaqo enguthelawayeka iya ngokuya yaziswa ngekhwalithi yayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisetshenziswa ngendlela evamile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Kubuchwepheshe banamuhla bokulungisa, ubuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kokuvikela bubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe izinhlekelele emigwaqweni emikhulu, ukulungiswa okuvimbela imigwaqo emikhulu ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke izinhlekelele kuzothuthukisa izinga nempilo yesevisi yemigwaqo emikhulu. Iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo lokunakekelwa lilele imbangela yesifo. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukunikeza imithi efanele" kungaba nomphumela ongcono.
I-asphalt pavement njengamanje iyindlela eyinhloko yokugandaywa komgwaqo omkhulu ezweni lami. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kungenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokuthi flatness, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukwakhiwa okulula, kanye nokugcinwa okulula okulandelanayo. Yonke into inezinhlangothi ezimbili, kanti indawo egandaywe ngetiyela nayo inamaphutha ayo. Izifo zizovela ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Isibonelo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo azobangela ukuthamba, futhi amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika azodala imifantu. Ngenxa yokushiyeka kwayo, imigwaqo emikhulu ivame ukuhlushwa yizifo ezilandelayo:

Imifantu yeLongitudinal: Imifantu ivela kumgwaqo ogandayiwe ngothelawayeka ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwenhlabathi ngokungalingani kanye nengcindezi engalingani. Ngokuyisisekelo ziyimifantu ye-longitudinal. Kunezizathu ezimbili: umbhede womgwaqo ngokwawo, ukuhlaliswa okungalingani kombhede womgwaqo, okuholela ekuveleni kwemifantu ye-longitudinal; amalunga e-longitudinal aphathwa ngendlela engafanele ngesikhathi se-asphalt paving process, futhi umthwalo wemoto kanye nomthelela wesimo sezulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kuholela ekuveleni kwemifantu.
Imifantu eguquguqukayo: Ukhonkolo we-asphalt uyashwabana noma uzinze ngokwehlukana ngaphansi kwesenzo somehluko wangaphakathi wokushisa, okubangela ukuqhekeka komgwaqo. Kokubili imifantu ye-longitudinal kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-longitudinal yizifo zohlobo lokuqhekeka. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuqhekeka okuphambene. Ezivamile zihlanganisa imifantu yokuhlala ehlukene, imifantu ehlobene nomthwalo kanye nezingqimba eziyisisekelo eziqinile. ukuqhuma okukhanyayo
Ukufafazeka kokukhathala: Ithonya lendawo yangaphandle libangela ingxenye enkulu yokwakheka kwemifantu yokukhathala. Imigwaqo egandaywe ngomgwaqo ichayeka elangeni isikhathi eside ehlobo. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme eliqhubekayo lizothambisa i-asphalt ukhonkolo ogandaywe. Ngesikhathi sezimvula, amanzi emvula azokhukhula futhi angene, okuzosheshisa ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokugandaywa kwetiyela kukakhonkolo. Umthwalo wemoto, ukuthambisa kwendawo yomgwaqo kuzoqina, amandla okuqala okuthwala omgwaqo azoncishiswa, futhi ukujikeleza kwesikhathi eside kuzodala imifantu yokukhathala.
Imifantu ekhanyayo: ikakhulukazi ehlobene ne-extrusion yangaphakathi kanye nokuncipha kwendlela yokuhamba. Izingxenye ezintathu zomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, umbhede womgwaqo, ungqimba oluyisisekelo kanye nongqimba lwangaphezulu, zibekwe ngokulandelana ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. Isendlalelo sesisekelo siphakathi kombhede womgwaqo kanye nesendlalelo esingaphezulu. Ukukhipha kanye nokuncipha kwesendlalelo sesisekelo kuzodala imifantu. Ukuqhekeka kwesendlalelo sesisekelo kuzobonakala kungqimba lwe-roadbed kanye nesendlalelo esiphezulu, kanye nezinye izindawo zangaphandle. Ethintekile, kuvela imifantu ekhanyayo.
Ukulimala kweRut: Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokulimala kweRut: amaruts angazinzi, amaruts esakhiwo kanye nama-abrasion ruts. Ukuguqulwa kwe-rutting kubangelwa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ze-asphalt material ngokwayo. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-asphalt iba engazinzile, futhi isenzo esiqhubekayo sezimoto emgwaqeni we-asphalt kubangela ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-pavement. Izinto ze-asphalt zihamba ngokugeleza kwe-viscous ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okubangela ama-ruts. Noma iyiphi indlela izoba nomthelela endaweni yomgwaqo.
Izikhukhula zikawoyela: Idizayini nokukhiqizwa kwengxube yetiyela kuqukethe itiyela eliningi kakhulu, ukuxutshwa akulawulwa kahle, futhi itiyela ngokwalo linozinzo olumpofu. Uma ubeka i-asphalt pavement, inani lamafutha ongqimba olunamathelayo alilawulwa kahle futhi amanzi emvula ayangena, okuholela ekukhukhuleni kukawoyela esikhathini esizayo. Lapho kushisa, itiyela liyahamba kancane kancane lisuka phansi nengxenye engezansi yengxube liye ongqimbeni olungaphezulu, okwenza i-asphalt inqwabelane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi emvula abangela ukuba itiyela lixege futhi linyakaze ngokuqhubekayo, futhi itiyela eliningi linqwabelana phezu komgwaqo, linciphise ikhono lomgwaqo lokunqanda ukushushuluza. Kuyisifo esingelapheki.