Esimeni sezulu esiqhubekayo semvula ngesikhathi semvula, indlela yokusebenzisa i-bitumen engalashiwe (ukubunjwa: i-asphaltene ne-resin) i-coating engangeni manzi kanye nokwakhiwa kwenhlanganisela ye-membrane, inqobo nje uma kungekho manzi acacile endaweni eyisisekelo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ngeke kuthinte izinga kanye nenqubekela phambili yawo wonke ukwakhiwa okungangeni manzi. Imishini yokukhipha itiyela iyingxube eyinkimbinkimbi ensundu ngokumnyama eyakhiwe ama-hydrocarbon anesisindo samangqamuzana ahlukene kanye nokuphuma kwawo okungeyona eyensimbi. Iwuhlobo lwe-high-viscosity organic liquid. Iwuketshezi, inobuso obumnyama, futhi iyancibilika ku-carbon disulfide. Ibitumen iyisimende ephilayo engangeni manzi, ingangenwa umswakama futhi imelana nokugqwala. Ibitumen ingahlukaniswa kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezintathu: itiyela lamalahle, itiyela likaphethiloli kanye nebitumen yemvelo: phakathi kwazo, itiyela lamalahle liwumkhiqizo wokupheka. Ibitumen ye-petroleum iyinsalela ngemva kokucwiliswa kwamafutha oqobo, ngakho-ke yiziphi izinzuzo zesizini zokusebenzisa okokusebenza kwebitumen okushintshiwe (incazelo: isimo esivumayo esingasigaxa isitha)?

I-Solvent (impahla: esobala, uketshezi olungenambala) uhlobo lwe-coating kanye ne-water-based based coating kudinga isikhathi sokwenza ifilimu, isikhathi sokumisa phezulu kanye nesikhathi sokumisa okuqinile ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa. Uma lina, lezi zikhathi zokulinda zizokwanda kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela zithinte ukuqhubeka kwawo wonke umsebenzi. I-bitumen yerabha engaphekiwe (ukubunjwa: i-asphaltene ne-resin) i-asphaltene engangeni manzi ingabekwa ngezinto zokugqoka ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba oluvikelayo ngemva kokuqedwa kokwakhiwa, futhi ngeke kuthinteke isimo sezulu esinomswakama nhlobo.
Ungqimba oluyisisekelo kufanele lube bushelelezi, luqine, luhlanzeke, futhi lungabi namanzi aveleliwe. Noma yisiphi isikhumba sikakhonkolo, izinzipho ze-formwork, ama-protrusions odaka, njll. zidinga ukuhlanzwa. Impahla yebitumen eguquliwe iwukwengeza izixube zangaphandle (izilungisi) njengerabha, inhlaka, ama-polymer amamolekyuli aphezulu, impushana yerabha egayiwe kahle noma ezinye izithasiselo, noma uthathe izinyathelo ezinjengokucutshungulwa kwe-oxidation kancane kwebitumeni ukuhlanganisa itiyela noma itiyela. Amakhona angaphakathi nangaphandle, izimpande zamapayipi, isisekelo semishini kanye neminye imininingwane ye-bitumen binder eyenziwe ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwempahla kufanele yenziwe ama-arcs, futhi ububanzi be-arc kufanele bube bukhulu kuno-50mm. Sebenzisa ukuklwebha ngesandla ukuze ulungise amalunga, amabhawodi (akhiwe ngamakhanda nezikulufu), ukugqwala kwendawo (incazelo: isho ukubola, ukunyamalala, ukuguguleka, njll.) nezinye ezibuthakathaka (incazelo: izacile kodwa ezingaqinile) izingxenye kanye nemifantu nemiphetho. . Faka izendlalelo ezengeziwe ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka njengamakhona. Ubuso besisekelo sesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele bushelelezi futhi buqine. Akumele kube khona iziphambeko ezinjengokwenza isihlabathi nokubhoboza; amakhona angaphakathi nangaphandle kufanele enziwe abe yizimo ze-arc (incazelo: umugqa omuhle) noma ama-engeli angenalutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuso kufanele buhlanzeke futhi bome, futhi ukwakhiwa kwesendlalelo esingangeni manzi kungenziwa kuphela ngemva kokudlulisa ukwamukelwa okufihliwe.
Phakathi nenqubo yokwakha, ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokuqapha ezivamile zokwakha, kufanele futhi unake kakhulu isibikezelo sezulu futhi uhlele ngokunengqondo amalungiselelo okwakha. Ngesikhathi sokumisa imvula, imishini ye-asphalt eguquliwe ixubene nerabha, i-resin, ama-polymers amangqamuzana aphezulu, impushana yerabha egayiwe kahle noma amanye ama-Fillers nezinye izingxube zangaphandle (ama-modifiers), noma izinyathelo ezifana ne-oxidation ethambile yebitumen, ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingxube ze-asphalt noma i-asphalt. Ngesikhathi semvula kwakhiwa izibophezelo zebitumen, umsebenzi wokuqinisa ukushushuluza kufanele wenziwe ukuze kuvinjwe imishini yokwakha kanye nezingozi zabasebenzi.
Imigwaqo kanye nezinsiza endaweni yokwakhiwa kumele kube nokukhipha amanzi abushelelezi, futhi uzame ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imvula iyanqamuka futhi amanzi ayoma ukuvimbela amanzi amaningi ngokweqile phansi. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha nezinto zokwakha zivikelekile emvuleni nasemanzini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa ngenkathi yezimvula, ukwakhiwa kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ebusika kunezidingo eziqinile nakakhulu zezinto zokwakha kanye nabasebenzi. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, imvula, iqhwa, neqhwa konke kuhlola ukwakhiwa okungangeni manzi. Ngokuvamile, lapho kungena isimo sezulu esingaphansi kuka-0℃ ebusika, izindawo eziningi zokwakha zikhetha ukumisa ukwakhiwa futhi zilinde ukuthi isimo sezulu sifudumale ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.
Isikhathi sokushisa esiphansi ebusika side kakhulu. Uma isimiso sokwakha siqinile, kufanele sibhekane nenkinga yokwakhiwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusika. Ukuze uthole i-solvent (impahla: obala, uketshezi olungenambala) thayipha izembatho ezingangeni manzi kanye nezamanzi ezisekelwe emanzini, uma ukwanda kwesikhathi sokubunjwa kwefilimu, isikhathi sokumisa ubuso kanye nesikhathi sokumisa esiqinile esimweni sezulu semvula akwenzi ukwakhiwa kungenakwenzeka, khona-ke ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zokushisa ebusika I-icing phenomenon isho ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi ayikho into engenzeka yokwakha. Kodwa-ke, i-asphalt engelapheki (ukubunjwa: i-asphaltene ne-resin) i-asphaltene ne-resin engenamanzi enengxenye eyodwa yokuqukethwe okuqinile okungaphezu kuka-99% ayinayo le nkinga. Ubukhulu obudingekayo ekuvimbeleni amanzi bungafinyelelwa ngemva kokufafaza noma ukukhuhla okukodwa, futhi impahla yomqulu ingabekwa ngokushesha. Noma impahla yefilimu ingasetshenziswa. Izinto okufanele uzinake lapho usebenzisa imishini ye-asphalt eguquliwe ezinkathini ezahlukene zonyaka.