Njengamandla omnotho athuthuka ngokushesha, iChina igcine intuthuko enesivinini esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda. Njengenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxhuma izindawo zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya nokuxhuma izifunda zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ukuthuthwa komgwaqo nakho kwenze intuthuko enkulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
Kusukela ngoSepthemba 2022, imayela lomgwaqo laseShayina selifinyelele cishe kumakhilomitha ayizigidi ezi-5.28, lapho imayela le-Expressways lidlula amakhilomitha ayi-170,000, okulenza libe ngelinye lamazwe anebanga elide kunawo wonke lemigwaqo emhlabeni.
Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo yaseShayina nakho kunokugqama okuningi, njengokuphakama komgwaqo onguthelawayeka kanye nebhuloho elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni eliwela ulwandle. Kungashiwo ukuthi ezokuthutha zaseChina sezithuthuke zaba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwakha ingqalasizinda kazwelonke, edlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kanye nokwenza lula ukuhamba kwabantu.
Kodwa ingabe usuyitholile inkinga? Kukhona izinto ezimbili zokwakha umgwaqo, ngakho-ke usimende noma i-asphalt. Kungani ingasetshenziswa yonke imigwaqo yetiyela?
Namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi kungcono yini ukusebenzisa usimende noma i-asphalt ekwakheni umgwaqo.

Cement VS Asphalt
Umgwaqo usimende kanye nomgwaqo wetiyela yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene zokwakha imigwaqo. Umgwaqo usimende wakhiwe ikakhulukazi usimende, isihlabathi, amatshe nezinye izinto, kanti umgwaqo wetiyela wakhiwe ikakhulukazi itiyela, impushana yamaminerali, amatshe nezinye izinto. Ake sikhulume ngezinzuzo zomgwaqo usimende kanye nomgwaqo we-asphalt ngokulandelana.

Ubude bempilo
Imigwaqo kasimende inzima kunemigwaqo yetiyela. Ugqinsi lwemigwaqo usimende ngokuvamile lungaphezu kuka-20 cm. Ngenxa yokusimama kwayo okuhle kwesakhiwo kanye nekhono lokumelana nokucindezela kwezimoto ezinkulu, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifana nemigwaqo emikhulu kanye nemigwaqo yezindiza zezindiza ezidinga ukuqina nokuzinza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukujiya kokugandaywa kwetiyela kulinganiselwa ku-5 cm kuphela, ngakho-ke kuvame ukufaneleka kuphela ezikhathini zethrafikhi ezincane njengemigwaqo yasemadolobheni.
Mayelana nesikhathi sokuphila, imigwaqo usimende nayo ingcono kancane. Ngokuvamile, impilo yesevisi yendawo egandayiwe usimende ingafinyelela eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30, kanti impilo yesevisi ye-asphalt pavement iyiminyaka eyi-10-15 kuphela.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zikasimende zizinzile kune-asphalt, futhi izakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant zinamandla. Ingakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni nokuzinza kwayo isikhathi eside futhi ayithinteki kalula yizici zemvelo ezifana nelanga nemvula.

Ukulimala kwemvelo
Ngokombono wenqubo yokukhiqiza, inqubo yokukhiqiza imigwaqo kasimende idinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi futhi iphinde ikhiqize ukukhishwa okuthile kwe-carbon dioxide. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt pavement kungasindisa amandla athile futhi kukhiphe isikhutha esincane. Ngakho-ke, ngokwenqubo yokukhiqiza, imigwaqo kasimende ingase ibe yingozi kancane emvelweni.
Kodwa kusukela esigabeni sokusebenzisa, kokubili imigwaqo usimende kanye nemigwaqo ye-asphalt izodala umonakalo othile emvelweni. I-asphalt pavement ijwayele ukuthamba esimweni sezulu esishisayo futhi ikhiphe izinto eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo, ezinomthelela othile omubi kwikhwalithi yomoya. Indawo egandaywe ngokhonkolo izinzile futhi ayikhiqizi izinto ezifanayo eziguquguqukayo. Nokho, indawo egandaywe ngosimende ilukhuni uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi lapho izimoto zihamba phezu kwayo, izokhipha ukungcola okuthile komsindo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo egandaywe ngosimende izokwandisa ingozi yezingozi zomgwaqo.

Izindleko
Mayelana nezindleko zokwakha, imigwaqo kasimende ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kunemigwaqo yetiyela. Imigwaqo kasimende idinga izinto eziningi kanye nenqubo yokwakha eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho izindleko zabo zokwakha ziphakeme kakhulu kunemigwaqo yetiyela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imigwaqo kasimende ithatha isikhathi eside ukwakhiwa, okuzonyusa nezindleko zayo zokwakha.
Mayelana nokulungiswa kwangemva kokulungiswa, imigwaqo kasimende idinga izindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zokuyilungisa ngenxa yokuqina nokusimama kwayo okungcono. Isibonelo, uma kunemifantu noma imigodi emgwaqeni usimende, izindleko zokulungisa zizoba phezulu. Imigwaqo yetiyela iphansi kakhulu ezindlekweni zokuyilungisa ngoba ingalungiswa ngokubeka ungqimba olusha lwetiyela.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba imigwaqo ye-asphalt ibiza kakhulu ngokwezindleko zokwakha kanye nezindleko zangemuva kokulungiswa, impilo yabo yesevisi ifushane futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okuphindaphindiwe nokushintshwa, futhi lezi zindleko nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa. .

Ukuphepha
Ake siqale nge-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwendawo yomgwaqo. Yomibili imigwaqo usimende kanye netiyela inokungqubuzana okuhle futhi inganikeza ngempumelelo amandla okudonsa kanye namabhuleki lapho izimoto zishayela.
Kodwa-ke, i-asphalt pavement inokunwebeka okuhle kanye ne-viscosity, ngakho-ke lapho ushayela emigwaqweni yemvula noma eshelelayo, i-coefficient yokushayisana kwe-asphalt pavement iphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi kulula ukunikeza ukungqubuzana komgwaqo okuzinzile, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ingozi yokushibilika kwemoto noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula. .
Okwesibili, ngokombono wokucaba kwendawo yomgwaqo, indawo egandayiwe usimende ilukhuni futhi ishelela, engamelana kangcono nomthelela nokudlidliza okukhiqizwa ukushayela imoto futhi inikeze indawo yokushayela ezinzile.
I-asphalt pavement ithambile uma kuqhathaniswa, inezinga elithile lokuwohloka nokwehla nokwenyuka, okungase kubangele amabhampa uma imoto ishayela, kwandise ubunzima nokukhathala komshayeli, futhi kunciphise nokuphepha kokushayela.
Okwesithathu, mayelana nokuqina kwe-pavement, i-pavement kasimende inamandla uma kuqhathaniswa, izinzile, inomsebenzi omude, futhi ayithinteki kalula yizici zangaphandle ezifana nesimo sezulu nezinga lokushisa.
Okwesine, ukugandaywa kwetiyela kuntekenteke futhi kuthinteka kalula yizici zemvelo njengokuchayeka elangeni nemvula, okuholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokuguga komgwaqo, ukuqhekeka, nokuwohloka, okubuye kuthinte ukuphepha kokushayela.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, akunzima ukuthola ukuthi imigwaqo usimende inezinzuzo zayo futhi imigwaqo yetiyela inezinzuzo zayo. Kungani imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka kuyimigwaqo yetiyela, kodwa isiteshi esikhokhelwayo siwumgwaqo usimende?

Ukugandaywa komgwaqo omkhulu
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezidingekayo ukuze kugandaywe imigwaqo emigwaqweni emikhulu?
Ukuphepha, ukuphepha, nokuphepha.
Njengoba sisanda kusho, i-asphalt inokunamathela okuhle nokunwebeka, futhi ingabambelela kahle endaweni yomgwaqo oyisisekelo ukuze yakhe isakhiwo sokuxhuma esiqinile, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuqina namandla okuthwala komgwaqo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-asphalt nayo inokusebenza okuhle okungangeni manzi, okungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo amanzi emvula ukuthi angangeni engxenyeni engezansi yomgwaqo, ukugwema izinkinga ezifana nokuthambisa isisekelo kanye nokuhlaliswa.
Ukwengeza, ukukhanya komhlaba kanye ne-friction coefficient yemigwaqo egandayiwe ngetiyela kuphezulu, okunganikeza ukuzinza nokunethezeka okungcono kokushayela, futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kokushayela.
Lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emikhulu, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukubhuleka. Mangaki amacala omgwaqo anezingozi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukubhuleka. Yiqiniso, ngaphezu kokuphepha, kunenye inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu, okungukuthi, eshibhile.
Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kubiza imali, futhi imigwaqo emide ibiza imali eyengeziwe. Ezweni elinjengezwe lami elinomhlaba omkhulu, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kubiza imali eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke lapho sikhetha izinto zomgwaqo, akufanele sikhethe izinto ezishibhile kuphela zokulungisa, kodwa futhi nezinto ezishibhile zokugcinwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokugandaya, itiyela linezindleko eziphansi zokwakha nezokulungisa, ezingaletha izinzuzo zezomnotho ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni komgwaqo onguthelawayeka. Ngakho-ke, i-asphalt nayo iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu semigwaqo emikhulu. Kungani iziteshi ezikhokhelwayo zisebenzisa usimende? Iziteshi zemigwaqo emikhulu zingenye yezinsiza ezibalulekile emigwaqweni emikhulu. Badlala indima ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwethrafikhi kanye nokuqoqa ama-tolls. Nokho, ungase ube nelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi kungani imigwaqo yalezi ziteshi ekhokhelwayo igandaywe ngosimende esikhundleni setiyela njengemigwaqo emikhulu. Ngokuphambene, usimende ufaneleka kakhulu ekugandayweni kwemigwaqo eziteshini ezikhokhelwayo. Isizathu sokuqala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa netiyela usimende unamandla futhi uyakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela kwezimoto eziningi ezidlulayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezizungeze iziteshi ezikhokhelwayo, ngoba lezi zindawo zivame ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo emalolini nakwezinye izimoto ezinkulu. Okwesibili, ngenxa yokuqina kukasimende, imigwaqo yaseziteshini ezikhokhelwayo ayidingi ukulungiswa futhi ilungiswe kaningi njengemigwaqo yetiyela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impilo yomgwaqo yinde futhi izindleko eziningi zokuwulungisa nokuwulungisa zingonga. Okokugcina, imigwaqo kasimende ihambisana nemvelo kunemigwaqo yetiyela. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza i-asphalt, inani elikhulu lamagesi ayingozi kanye nemfucuza kukhiqizwa. Ukwenza usimende kukhipha isikhutha esincane, futhi lapho imigwaqo usimende ibhidlizwa, izinto zikasimende zingagaywa kabusha futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha, kunciphise imfucumfucu nomthelela emvelweni.
Manje uyazi izinzuzo zemigwaqo usimende phezu kwemigwaqo ye-asphalt.

Isiphetho
Kafushane, ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu waseShayina kusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-asphalt, usimende noma ezinye izinto, uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lokwakha lungakhethwa ngokwezigaba ezahlukene zomgwaqo kanye nezimo zethrafikhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwesistimu yomgwaqo omkhulu.
Ngokuthuthuka komnotho waseShayina kanye nenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu kuzobhekana nezinselelo namathuba amaningi. Kufanele siqhubeke nokusungula izinto ezintsha, sithuthukise ikhwalithi yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, futhi sikhuthaze ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezokuthutha. Sikholelwa ukuthi ngemizamo yawo wonke amaqembu, imboni yemigwaqo emikhulu yezwe lami izoletha ikusasa elingcono.